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This commit is contained in:
Jim Myhrberg
2017-07-03 14:55:57 +01:00
commit 16b712926c
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_site
.sass-cache
.jekyll-metadata

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---
title: 404 Page Not Found
---
<div class="header">
<h1>404</h1>
<p><strong>Page not found :(</strong></p>
<p>The requested page could not be found.</p>
</div>

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source 'https://rubygems.org'
# Hello! This is where you manage which Jekyll version is used to run.
# When you want to use a different version, change it below, save the
# file and run `bundle install`. Run Jekyll with `bundle exec`, like so:
#
# bundle exec jekyll serve
#
# This will help ensure the proper Jekyll version is running.
# Happy Jekylling!
gem 'jekyll', '3.5.0'
gem 'redcarpet'
# If you want to use GitHub Pages, remove the "gem "jekyll"" above and
# uncomment the line below. To upgrade, run `bundle update github-pages`.
# gem "github-pages", group: :jekyll_plugins
# If you have any plugins, put them here!
group :jekyll_plugins do
gem 'jekyll-sitemap'
gem 'jekyll-seo-tag'
end
# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

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GEM
remote: https://rubygems.org/
specs:
addressable (2.5.1)
public_suffix (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.2)
colorator (1.1.0)
ffi (1.9.18)
forwardable-extended (2.6.0)
jekyll (3.5.0)
addressable (~> 2.4)
colorator (~> 1.0)
jekyll-sass-converter (~> 1.0)
jekyll-watch (~> 1.1)
kramdown (~> 1.3)
liquid (~> 4.0)
mercenary (~> 0.3.3)
pathutil (~> 0.9)
rouge (~> 1.7)
safe_yaml (~> 1.0)
jekyll-sass-converter (1.5.0)
sass (~> 3.4)
jekyll-seo-tag (2.2.3)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-sitemap (1.1.1)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-watch (1.5.0)
listen (~> 3.0, < 3.1)
kramdown (1.14.0)
liquid (4.0.0)
listen (3.0.8)
rb-fsevent (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.4)
rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.7)
mercenary (0.3.6)
pathutil (0.14.0)
forwardable-extended (~> 2.6)
public_suffix (2.0.5)
rb-fsevent (0.10.2)
rb-inotify (0.9.10)
ffi (>= 0.5.0, < 2)
redcarpet (3.4.0)
rouge (1.11.1)
safe_yaml (1.0.4)
sass (3.4.24)
PLATFORMS
ruby
DEPENDENCIES
jekyll (= 3.5.0)
jekyll-seo-tag
jekyll-sitemap
redcarpet
tzinfo-data
BUNDLED WITH
1.14.6

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title: Git Common Flow
description: >
An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of
git into a single and concise specification.
author: Jim Myhrberg
current_version: 1.0.0-draft.9
versions:
- 1.0.0-draft.9
plugins:
- jekyll-sitemap
- jekyll-seo-tag
defaults:
-
scope:
path: ""
values:
layout: "default"
markdown: redcarpet
redcarpet:
extensions: ['autolink']

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans+Condensed:700,300|Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/purecss@1.0.0/build/pure-min.css" integrity="sha384-nn4HPE8lTHyVtfCBi5yW9d20FjT8BJwUXyWZT9InLYax14RDjBj46LmSztkmNP9w" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main-old-ie.css">
<![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">
<!--<![endif]-->
{% seo %}
</head>
<body>
<div id="layout">
<a href="#menu" id="menuLink" class="menu-link">
<span></span>
</a>
<div id="menu">
<div class="pure-menu">
<ul class="pure-menu-list">
<li class="pure-menu-item">
<div class="pure-menu-label">Versions:</div>
</li>
{% for version in site.versions %}
{% assign expected = "spec/" | append: version | append: ".md" %}
{% assign found = site.pages | where: "path", expected | first %}
{% assign selected = "" %}
{% if version == page.version %}
{% assign selected = " pure-menu-selected" %}
{% endif %}
{% if found %}
<li class="pure-menu-item version-{{ version }}{{ selected }}">
<a href="{{ found.url }}" class="pure-menu-link">{{ version }}</a>
</li>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main">
<div class="content">
{{ content }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/js/ui.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

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html {
height: 100%;
}
body {
font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: 400;
line-height: 1.5;
color: #1a1a1a;
background-color: #fdfdfd;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-family: 'Open Sans Condensed', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: 700;
color: #333;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2.5em;
line-height: 1.2;
}
ol ol, ul ol {
list-style-type: lower-roman;
}
.content {
margin-top: 80px;
}
.content code {
background-color: rgba(27,31,35,0.05);
border-radius: 3px;
font-family: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, Courier, monospace;
font-size: 90%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.2em;
}
#menu .pure-menu-label {
color: #999;
border: none;
padding: 0.6em 0 0.6em 0.6em;
}

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body {
color: #777;
}
.pure-img-responsive {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
/*
Add transition to containers so they can push in and out.
*/
#layout,
#menu,
.menu-link {
-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-ms-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-o-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
}
/*
This is the parent `<div>` that contains the menu and the content area.
*/
#layout {
position: relative;
left: 0;
padding-left: 0;
}
#layout.active #menu {
left: 150px;
width: 150px;
}
#layout.active .menu-link {
left: 150px;
}
/*
The content `<div>` is where all your content goes.
*/
.content {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0 2em;
max-width: 800px;
margin-bottom: 50px;
line-height: 1.6em;
}
.header {
margin: 0;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
padding: 2.5em 2em 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.header h1 {
margin: 0.2em 0;
font-size: 3em;
font-weight: 300;
}
.header h2 {
font-weight: 300;
color: #ccc;
padding: 0;
margin-top: 0;
}
.content-subhead {
margin: 50px 0 20px 0;
font-weight: 300;
color: #888;
}
/*
The `#menu` `<div>` is the parent `<div>` that contains the `.pure-menu` that
appears on the left side of the page.
*/
#menu {
margin-left: -150px;
/* "#menu" width */
width: 150px;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
z-index: 1000;
/* so the menu or its navicon stays above all content */
background: #191818;
overflow-y: auto;
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}
/*
All anchors inside the menu should be styled like this.
*/
#menu a {
color: #999;
border: none;
padding: 0.6em 0 0.6em 0.6em;
}
/*
Remove all background/borders, since we are applying them to #menu.
*/
#menu .pure-menu,
#menu .pure-menu ul {
border: none;
background: transparent;
}
/*
Add that light border to separate items into groups.
*/
#menu .pure-menu ul,
#menu .pure-menu .menu-item-divided {
border-top: 1px solid #333;
}
/*
Change color of the anchor links on hover/focus.
*/
#menu .pure-menu li a:hover,
#menu .pure-menu li a:focus {
background: #333;
}
/*
This styles the selected menu item `<li>`.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-selected,
#menu .pure-menu-heading {
background: #1f8dd6;
}
/*
This styles a link within a selected menu item `<li>`.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-selected a {
color: #fff;
}
/*
This styles the menu heading.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-heading {
font-size: 110%;
color: #fff;
margin: 0;
}
/* -- Dynamic Button For Responsive Menu -------------------------------------*/
/*
The button to open/close the Menu is custom-made and not part of Pure. Here's
how it works:
*/
/*
`.menu-link` represents the responsive menu toggle that shows/hides on
small screens.
*/
.menu-link {
position: fixed;
display: block;
/* show this only on small screens */
top: 0;
left: 0;
/* "#menu width" */
background: #000;
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
font-size: 10px;
/* change this value to increase/decrease button size */
z-index: 10;
width: 2em;
height: auto;
padding: 2.1em 1.6em;
}
.menu-link:hover,
.menu-link:focus {
background: #000;
}
.menu-link span {
position: relative;
display: block;
}
.menu-link span,
.menu-link span:before,
.menu-link span:after {
background-color: #fff;
width: 100%;
height: 0.2em;
}
.menu-link span:before,
.menu-link span:after {
position: absolute;
margin-top: -0.6em;
content: " ";
}
.menu-link span:after {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}
/* -- Responsive Styles (Media Queries) ------------------------------------- */
/*
Hides the menu at `48em`, but modify this based on your app's needs.
*/
.header,
.content {
padding-left: 2em;
padding-right: 2em;
}
#layout {
padding-left: 150px;
/* left col width "#menu" */
left: 0;
}
#menu {
left: 150px;
}
.menu-link {
position: fixed;
left: 150px;
display: none;
}
#layout.active .menu-link {
left: 150px;
}

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body {
color: #777;
}
.pure-img-responsive {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
/*
Add transition to containers so they can push in and out.
*/
#layout,
#menu,
.menu-link {
-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-ms-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-o-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
}
/*
This is the parent `<div>` that contains the menu and the content area.
*/
#layout {
position: relative;
left: 0;
padding-left: 0;
}
#layout.active #menu {
left: 150px;
width: 150px;
}
#layout.active .menu-link {
left: 150px;
}
/*
The content `<div>` is where all your content goes.
*/
.content {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0 2em;
max-width: 800px;
margin-bottom: 50px;
line-height: 1.6em;
}
.header {
margin: 0;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
padding: 2.5em 2em 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.header h1 {
margin: 0.2em 0;
font-size: 3em;
font-weight: 300;
}
.header h2 {
font-weight: 300;
color: #ccc;
padding: 0;
margin-top: 0;
}
.content-subhead {
margin: 50px 0 20px 0;
font-weight: 300;
color: #888;
}
/*
The `#menu` `<div>` is the parent `<div>` that contains the `.pure-menu` that
appears on the left side of the page.
*/
#menu {
margin-left: -150px; /* "#menu" width */
width: 150px;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
z-index: 1000; /* so the menu or its navicon stays above all content */
background: #191818;
overflow-y: auto;
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}
/*
All anchors inside the menu should be styled like this.
*/
#menu a {
color: #999;
border: none;
padding: 0.6em 0 0.6em 0.6em;
}
/*
Remove all background/borders, since we are applying them to #menu.
*/
#menu .pure-menu,
#menu .pure-menu ul {
border: none;
background: transparent;
}
/*
Add that light border to separate items into groups.
*/
#menu .pure-menu ul,
#menu .pure-menu .menu-item-divided {
border-top: 1px solid #333;
}
/*
Change color of the anchor links on hover/focus.
*/
#menu .pure-menu li a:hover,
#menu .pure-menu li a:focus {
background: #333;
}
/*
This styles the selected menu item `<li>`.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-selected,
#menu .pure-menu-heading {
background: #1f8dd6;
}
/*
This styles a link within a selected menu item `<li>`.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-selected a {
color: #fff;
}
/*
This styles the menu heading.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-heading {
font-size: 110%;
color: #fff;
margin: 0;
}
/* -- Dynamic Button For Responsive Menu -------------------------------------*/
/*
The button to open/close the Menu is custom-made and not part of Pure. Here's
how it works:
*/
/*
`.menu-link` represents the responsive menu toggle that shows/hides on
small screens.
*/
.menu-link {
position: fixed;
display: block; /* show this only on small screens */
top: 0;
left: 0; /* "#menu width" */
background: #000;
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
font-size: 10px; /* change this value to increase/decrease button size */
z-index: 10;
width: 2em;
height: auto;
padding: 2.1em 1.6em;
}
.menu-link:hover,
.menu-link:focus {
background: #000;
}
.menu-link span {
position: relative;
display: block;
}
.menu-link span,
.menu-link span:before,
.menu-link span:after {
background-color: #fff;
width: 100%;
height: 0.2em;
}
.menu-link span:before,
.menu-link span:after {
position: absolute;
margin-top: -0.6em;
content: " ";
}
.menu-link span:after {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}
/* -- Responsive Styles (Media Queries) ------------------------------------- */
/*
Hides the menu at `48em`, but modify this based on your app's needs.
*/
@media (min-width: 48em) {
.header,
.content {
padding-left: 2em;
padding-right: 2em;
}
#layout {
padding-left: 150px; /* left col width "#menu" */
left: 0;
}
#menu {
left: 150px;
}
.menu-link {
position: fixed;
left: 150px;
display: none;
}
#layout.active .menu-link {
left: 150px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 48em) {
/* Only apply this when the window is small. Otherwise, the following
case results in extra padding on the left:
* Make the window small.
* Tap the menu to trigger the active state.
* Make the window large again.
*/
#layout.active {
position: relative;
left: 150px;
}
}

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---
layout: none
---
// Import partials from `sass_dir` (defaults to `_sass`)
@import
"side-menu-old-ie",
"base"
;

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css/main.scss Normal file
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---
layout: none
---
// Import partials from `sass_dir` (defaults to `_sass`)
@import
"side-menu",
"base"
;

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---
title: Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-draft.9
version: 1.0.0-draft.9
---
Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-draft.9
=============================
Summary
-------
Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the [original variant](http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html)
of [GitHub Flow](https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/), while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.
TL;DR: Common-Flow is basically GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, maintenance releases for old versions, and without the requirement to
deploy to production all the time.
Terminology
-----------
- **Master Branch** - Must always have passing tests, is considered bleeding
edge, and must be named `master`.
- **Change Branches** - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.
- **Source Branch** - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.
- **Merge Target** - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.
- **Maintenance Branches** - Used for maintaining old versions and releasing
PATCH updates when the master branch has moved on. Should follow a
`stable-X.Y` naming pattern, where `X` is MAJOR version and `Y` is MINOR
version.
- **Pull Request** - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.
- **Release** - Consists of a version bump commit directly on the master branch,
and a git tag named according to the new version string placed on said commit.
- **Maintenance Release** - Just like a regular release, except the version bump
commit and release tag are on a maintenance branch instead of the master
branch.
Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)
-------------------------------------------
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119).
1. The Master Branch
1. A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".
2. The master branch MUST be considered bleeding edge.
3. The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.
4. The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possible ready for
release/production" state to reduce the friction of creating a new
release.
2. Changes
1. Changes MUST be performed on a separate branch that SHOULD be referred to
as a "change branch". All change branches MUST have descriptive names. It
is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and you SHOULD regularly
push your work to the same named branch on the remote server.
2. When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target branch", typically this will be the same
as the source branch.
3. Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch. To be clear you MUST NOT merge a source branch into a
change branch.
4. After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you do a force
push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.
5. To merge a change branch into its merge target branch, you MUST open a
"pull request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your
changes.
6. A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.
7. To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, it is RECOMMENDED you do this by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.
3. Git Best Practices
1. All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git documentation:
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project
2. You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
plain "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More information:
https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/
3. You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with rebasing:
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing
4. It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".
5. It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the commits,
allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit, and creates
a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with master.
4. Versioning
1. The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.
2. If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.
3. The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(http://semver.org/) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL, but
the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is
bad, and "2.11.4" is good.
5. Releases
1. To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit directly
on the master branch which changes the hard-coded version value of the
project. The version bump commit MUST have a git tag created on it and
named as the exact version string.
2. A version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"
3. The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4".
4. It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.
5. If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.
6. Bug Fixes & Rollback
1. You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch.
2. If a change branch which has been merged in to the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.
3. If a change branch is wrongfully merged in to master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.
7. Maintenance Releases
1. Any branch that has a name starting with "stable-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "maintenance branch".
2. Maintenance branches are used for managing new releases of older
versions. Typically this is used to provide security updates for older
versions when the master branch has moved on to a point that a new
release for the old version cannot be made from the master branch.
3. A "maintenance release" is identical to a regular release, except the
version bump commit and the release tag are placed on the maintenance
branch instead of on the master branch.
3. A maintenance branch SHOULD follow a "stable-X.Y" naming pattern, where
"X" is the MAJOR version and "Y" is the minor version.
4. A maintenance branch MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For
example if there is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of
which is "2.9.7", we create a new branch called "stable-2.9" off of the
"2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will then end up being
version "2.9.8".
5. When working on a maintenance release, the relevant maintenance branch
MUST be thought of as the master branch for that maintenance work.
6. Changes in a maintenance branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
downwards from the master branch. If a change needs to trickle back up
into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place.
About
-----
The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by [Jim Myhrberg](http://jimeh.me).
If you'd like to leave feedback,
please [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues).
License
-------
[Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)

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(function (window, document) {
var layout = document.getElementById('layout'),
menu = document.getElementById('menu'),
menuLink = document.getElementById('menuLink'),
content = document.getElementById('main');
function toggleClass(element, className) {
var classes = element.className.split(/\s+/),
length = classes.length,
i = 0;
for(; i < length; i++) {
if (classes[i] === className) {
classes.splice(i, 1);
break;
}
}
// The className is not found
if (length === classes.length) {
classes.push(className);
}
element.className = classes.join(' ');
}
function toggleAll(e) {
var active = 'active';
e.preventDefault();
toggleClass(layout, active);
toggleClass(menu, active);
toggleClass(menuLink, active);
}
menuLink.onclick = function (e) {
toggleAll(e);
};
content.onclick = function(e) {
if (menu.className.indexOf('active') !== -1) {
toggleAll(e);
}
};
}(this, this.document));

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---
title: Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-draft.9
version: 1.0.0-draft.9
---
Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-draft.9
=============================
Summary
-------
Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the [original variant](http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html)
of [GitHub Flow](https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/), while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.
TL;DR: Common-Flow is basically GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, maintenance releases for old versions, and without the requirement to
deploy to production all the time.
Terminology
-----------
- **Master Branch** - Must always have passing tests, is considered bleeding
edge, and must be named `master`.
- **Change Branches** - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.
- **Source Branch** - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.
- **Merge Target** - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.
- **Maintenance Branches** - Used for maintaining old versions and releasing
PATCH updates when the master branch has moved on. Should follow a
`stable-X.Y` naming pattern, where `X` is MAJOR version and `Y` is MINOR
version.
- **Pull Request** - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.
- **Release** - Consists of a version bump commit directly on the master branch,
and a git tag named according to the new version string placed on said commit.
- **Maintenance Release** - Just like a regular release, except the version bump
commit and release tag are on a maintenance branch instead of the master
branch.
Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)
-------------------------------------------
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119).
1. The Master Branch
1. A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".
2. The master branch MUST be considered bleeding edge.
3. The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.
4. The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possible ready for
release/production" state to reduce the friction of creating a new
release.
2. Changes
1. Changes MUST be performed on a separate branch that SHOULD be referred to
as a "change branch". All change branches MUST have descriptive names. It
is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and you SHOULD regularly
push your work to the same named branch on the remote server.
2. When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target branch", typically this will be the same
as the source branch.
3. Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch. To be clear you MUST NOT merge a source branch into a
change branch.
4. After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you do a force
push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.
5. To merge a change branch into its merge target branch, you MUST open a
"pull request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your
changes.
6. A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.
7. To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, it is RECOMMENDED you do this by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.
3. Git Best Practices
1. All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git documentation:
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project
2. You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
plain "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More information:
https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/
3. You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with rebasing:
https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing
4. It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".
5. It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the commits,
allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit, and creates
a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with master.
4. Versioning
1. The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.
2. If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.
3. The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(http://semver.org/) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL, but
the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is
bad, and "2.11.4" is good.
5. Releases
1. To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit directly
on the master branch which changes the hard-coded version value of the
project. The version bump commit MUST have a git tag created on it and
named as the exact version string.
2. A version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"
3. The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4".
4. It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.
5. If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.
6. Bug Fixes & Rollback
1. You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch.
2. If a change branch which has been merged in to the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.
3. If a change branch is wrongfully merged in to master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.
7. Maintenance Releases
1. Any branch that has a name starting with "stable-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "maintenance branch".
2. Maintenance branches are used for managing new releases of older
versions. Typically this is used to provide security updates for older
versions when the master branch has moved on to a point that a new
release for the old version cannot be made from the master branch.
3. A "maintenance release" is identical to a regular release, except the
version bump commit and the release tag are placed on the maintenance
branch instead of on the master branch.
3. A maintenance branch SHOULD follow a "stable-X.Y" naming pattern, where
"X" is the MAJOR version and "Y" is the minor version.
4. A maintenance branch MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For
example if there is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of
which is "2.9.7", we create a new branch called "stable-2.9" off of the
"2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will then end up being
version "2.9.8".
5. When working on a maintenance release, the relevant maintenance branch
MUST be thought of as the master branch for that maintenance work.
6. Changes in a maintenance branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
downwards from the master branch. If a change needs to trickle back up
into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place.
About
-----
The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by [Jim Myhrberg](http://jimeh.me).
If you'd like to leave feedback,
please [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues).
License
-------
[Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)