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feat(design): complete redesign of website

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Redesign the website with a more modern look.
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Jim Myhrberg
2026-01-13 07:36:58 +00:00
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commit be51ec4831
35 changed files with 4543 additions and 7934 deletions
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" data-astro-cid-jwirc66j> <head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="canonical" href="https://commonflow.org/404/"><title>Page Not Found | Git Common Flow</title><meta name="description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta name="author" content="Jim Myhrberg"><!-- Open Graph --><meta property="og:title" content="Page Not Found | Git Common Flow"><meta property="og:description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:url" content="https://commonflow.org/404/"><!-- Twitter --><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Page Not Found | Git Common Flow"><meta name="twitter:description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><!-- Fonts --><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans+Condensed:wght@300;700&family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400;1,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/index.BMC0NJ9O.css">
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="canonical" href="https://commonflow.org/404/"><title>Page Not Found | Git Common Flow</title><meta name="description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta name="author" content="Jim Myhrberg"><!-- Fonts --><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bricolage+Grotesque:opsz,wght@12..96,400;12..96,500;12..96,600;12..96,700;12..96,800&family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;1,9..40,400&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"><!-- Prevent flash of wrong theme --><script>
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" data-astro-cid-jwirc66j> <head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="canonical" href="https://commonflow.org/"><title>Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5 | Git Common Flow</title><meta name="description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta name="author" content="Jim Myhrberg"><!-- Open Graph --><meta property="og:title" content="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5 | Git Common Flow"><meta property="og:description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:url" content="https://commonflow.org/"><!-- Twitter --><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5 | Git Common Flow"><meta name="twitter:description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><!-- Fonts --><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans+Condensed:wght@300;700&family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400;1,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/index.BMC0NJ9O.css"></head> <body data-astro-cid-jwirc66j> <div id="layout" data-astro-cid-jwirc66j> <a href="#menu" id="menuLink" class="menu-link" data-astro-cid-jyixok4n> <span data-astro-cid-jyixok4n></span> </a> <script type="module">function c(){const e=document.getElementById("layout"),n=document.getElementById("menu"),t=document.getElementById("menuLink"),s=document.getElementById("main");function i(o){o.preventDefault(),e?.classList.toggle("active"),n?.classList.toggle("active"),t?.classList.toggle("active")}function a(){e?.classList.remove("active"),n?.classList.remove("active"),t?.classList.remove("active")}t?.addEventListener("click",i),s?.addEventListener("click",()=>{e?.classList.contains("active")&&a()})}c();document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",c);</script> <div id="menu" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="menu-inner" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <ul class="menu-list" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <li class="menu-label" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Versions:</li> <li class="menu-item selected" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <a href="/spec/1.0.0-rc.5" class="menu-link-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> 1.0.0-rc.5 </a> </li><li class="menu-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <a href="/spec/1.0.0-rc.4" class="menu-link-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> 1.0.0-rc.4 </a> </li><li class="menu-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <a href="/spec/1.0.0-rc.3" class="menu-link-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> 1.0.0-rc.3 </a> </li><li class="menu-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <a href="/spec/1.0.0-rc.2" class="menu-link-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> 1.0.0-rc.2 </a> </li><li class="menu-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <a href="/spec/1.0.0-rc.1" class="menu-link-item" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> 1.0.0-rc.1 </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="links" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow" aria-label="View on GitHub" class="github-link" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <svg class="w-12 h-12" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 2C6.477 2 2 6.484 2 12.017c0 4.425 2.865 8.18 6.839
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<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.5.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5 diagram" width="100%">
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
<p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta name="description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta name="author" content="Jim Myhrberg"><!-- Open Graph --><meta property="og:title" content="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5"><meta property="og:description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:url" content="https://commonflow.org/1.0.0-rc.5"><!-- Twitter --><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5"><meta name="twitter:description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><title>Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5</title><!-- Fonts - distinctive choices --><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bricolage+Grotesque:opsz,wght@12..96,400;12..96,500;12..96,600;12..96,700;12..96,800&family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;1,9..40,400&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"><!-- Favicon --><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg"><!-- Theme initialization - prevent flash --><script>
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.5</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
bg-white dark:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
rounded-2xl shadow-lg dark:shadow-none
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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hover:text-[var(--color-accent)] transition-colors" aria-label="Scroll to content"> <svg class="w-6 h-6 animate-bounce-subtle" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 14l-7 7m0 0l-7-7m7 7V3"></path> </svg> </a> </section> <section id="about" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>About Common-Flow</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects most commonly use git.</p>
<p>In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.</p>
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li>The “master” branch is the mainline branch with latest changes, and must not
production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><ul>
<li>The "master" branch is the mainline branch with latest changes, and must not
be broken.</li>
<li>Changes (features, bugfixes, etc.) are done on “change branches” created from
<li>Changes (features, bugfixes, etc.) are done on "change branches" created from
the master branch.</li>
<li>Rebase change branches <a href="https://i.imgur.com/1RS8x2d.png">early and often</a>.</li>
<li>When a change branch is stable and ready, it is merged back in to master.</li>
<li>A release is just a git tag who’s name is the exact release version string
(e.g. “2.11.4”).</li>
<li>A release is just a git tag who's name is the exact release version string
(e.g. "2.11.4").</li>
<li>Release branches can be used to avoid change freezes on master. They are not
required, instead they are available if you need them.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named “master”, must always have passing tests,
</ul></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="https://jimeh.me/">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 4.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
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On This Page
</div> <a href="#introduction" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="introduction" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Introduction </a><a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="summary" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="terminology" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="specification" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-tldr" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-the-master-branch" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-change-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-pull-requests" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-versioning" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-releases" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-short-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-long-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-bug-fixes-rollback" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-git-best-practices" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </aside> <!-- Mobile floating button --> <button id="spec-toc-toggle" class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
@@ -52,10 +191,8 @@ its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</l
effectively just a git tag named after the version of the release.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="git-common-flow-specification-common-flow">Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)</h2>
<p>The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”,
“SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>TL;DR
@@ -66,22 +203,22 @@ interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 21
</li>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named “master” MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
“master branch”.</li>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a “as near as possibly ready for
release/production” state to reduce any friction with creating a new
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as “change branches”.</li>
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches".</li>
<li>All change branches MUST have descriptive names.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and that you try and
keep the commits reasonably structured to avoid a messy and confusing git
@@ -92,8 +229,8 @@ remote server.</li>
change. You SHOULD NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the “source branch”. Each change branch also
needs a designated “merge target” branch, typically this will be the same
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
@@ -101,8 +238,8 @@ the source branch.</li>
<li>After updating a change branch from its source branch you MUST push the
change branch to the remote server. Due to the nature of rebasing, you
will be required to do a force push, and you MUST use the
“—force-with-lease” git push option when doing so instead of the regular
“—force”.</li>
"--force-with-lease" git push option when doing so instead of the regular
"--force".</li>
<li>If there is a truly valid technical reason to not use rebase when
updating change branches, then you can update change branches via merge
instead of rebase. The decision to use merge MUST only be taken after all
@@ -114,15 +251,15 @@ of both methods, pick one and stick to it.</li>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a “pull
request” (or equivalent).</li>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent).</li>
<li>The purpose of a pull request is to allow others to review your changes
and give feedback. You can then fix any issues, complaints, and more that
might arise, and then let people review again.</li>
<li>Before creating a pull request, it is RECOMMENDED that you consider the
state of your change branch’s commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with “git rebase
-i” to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
state of your change branch's commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with "git rebase
-i" to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
reviewers.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
@@ -136,23 +273,23 @@ how, when, and why the code looks and behaves the way it does.</li>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>A “version string” is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
<li>A "version string" is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
specific version of a project. The version string itself MUST NOT have a
“v” prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a “v” prefix to
"v" prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a "v" prefix to
indicate it is a version that is being referred to.</li>
<li>The source of truth for a project’s version MUST be a git tag with a name
<li>The source of truth for a project's version MUST be a git tag with a name
based on the version string. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
“release tag”.</li>
"release tag".</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED to also keep the version string
hard-coded somewhere in the project code-base.</li>
<li>If you hard-code the version string into the code-base, it is RECOMMENDED
that you do so in a file called “VERSION” located in the root of the
that you do so in a file called "VERSION" located in the root of the
project. But be mindful of the conventions of your programming language
and community when choosing if, where and how to hard-code the version
string.</li>
<li>If you are using a “VERSION” file in the root of the project, this file
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this file
MUST only contain the exact version string, meaning it MUST NOT have a
“v” prefix. For example “v2.11.4” is bad, and “2.11.4” is good.</li>
"v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED that that the version string follows
Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
</ol>
@@ -161,46 +298,46 @@ Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a git tag named as the exact
version string of the release. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
“release tag”.</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with “v”. For example the
tag name can be either “2.11.4” or “v2.11.4”. It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a “v” prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of “v”
"release tag".</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with "v". For example the
tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a "v" prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of "v"
prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form and stick to it.</li>
<li>If the version string is hard-coded into the code-base, you MUST create a
“version bump” commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
"version bump" commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
project.</li>
<li>When using version bump commits, the release tag MUST be placed on the
version bump commit.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the release tag, and if
relevant the version bump commit, MUST be created directly on the master
branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of “Bump
version to VERSION”. For example, if the new version string is “2.11.4”,
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: “Bump version to
2.11.4”</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of "Bump
version to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4",
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: "Bump version to
2.11.4"</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation
SHOULD read “Release VERSION”. For example for version “2.11.4” the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read “Release 2.11.4”. The second line
SHOULD read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read "Release 2.11.4". The second line
MUST be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Short-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with “release-” SHOULD be referred to
as a “release branch”.</li>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a “short-term release branch”.</li>
string, MUST be referred to as a "short-term release branch".</li>
<li>Use of short-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended to be used
to create a specific versioned release.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of “release-VERSION”. For
example for version “2.11.4” the release branch name MUST be
“release-2.11.4”.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For
example for version "2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be
"release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch to create a release, the release
tag and if used, version bump commit, MUST be placed directly on the
short-term release branch itself.</li>
@@ -217,8 +354,8 @@ will be the master branch.</li>
<li>Long-term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a non-specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a “long-term release branch”. For example
“release-2.11” is a long-term release branch, while “release-2.11.4” is a
string, MUST be referred to as a "long-term release branch". For example
"release-2.11" is a long-term release branch, while "release-2.11.4" is a
short-term release branch.</li>
<li>Use of long-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended for work on
versions which are not currently part of the master branch. Typically
@@ -226,13 +363,13 @@ this is useful when you need to create a new maintenance release for a
older version.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST have a name with a non-specific version
number. For example a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x
releases MUST be named “release-2.9”.</li>
releases MUST be named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>Long-term release branches for maintenance releases of older versions
MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For example if the master
branch is on version 2.11.4 and there is a security fix for all 2.9.x
releases, the latest of which is “2.9.7”. Create a new branch called
“release-2.9” from the “2.9.7” release tag. The security fix release will
then end up being version “2.9.8”.</li>
releases, the latest of which is "2.9.7". Create a new branch called
"release-2.9" from the "2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will
then end up being version "2.9.8".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST follow
the same process as a release from the master branch, except the
long-term release branch takes the place of the master branch.</li>
@@ -262,73 +399,69 @@ the relevant changes.</li>
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with “git commit -a”. It is
RECOMMENDED you use “git add -i” or “git add -p” to add individual
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" or "git add -p" to add individual
changes to the staging area so you are fully aware of what you are
committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use “—force-with-lease” when doing a force push. The
regular “—force” option is dangerous and destructive. More
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do “git pull —rebase” instead of “git
pull” to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of “git pull” with “git config —global pull.rebase true”.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using “git merge —no-ff”.
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="faq">FAQ</h2>
<h3 id="why-use-common-flow-instead-of-git-flow-and-how-does-it-differ">Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</h3>
<p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn’t
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
</p> </div> <!-- FAQ Items --> <div class="space-y-0" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn't
really change much:</p>
<ul>
<li>You create change branches instead of feature branches, without the need of a
“feature/” or “change/” prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created from and merged back into “master”
instead of “develop”.</li>
"feature/" or "change/" prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created from and merged back into "master"
instead of "develop".</li>
<li>Creating a release is done by simply creating a git tag, typically on the
master branch.</li>
</ul>
<p>In detail, the main differences between Git Flow and Common-Flow are:</p>
<ul>
<li>There is no “develop” branch, there is only a “master” branch which contains
<li>There is no "develop" branch, there is only a "master" branch which contains
the latest work. In Git Flow the master branch effectively ends up just being
a pointer to the latest release, despite the fact that Git Flow includes
release tags too. In Common-Flow you just look at the tags to find the latest
release.</li>
<li>There are no “feature” or “hotfix” branches, there’s only “change”
<li>There are no "feature" or "hotfix" branches, there's only "change"
branches. Any branch that is not master and introduces changes is a change
branch. Change branches also don’t have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a “descriptive name”. This makes things simpler and allows
branch. Change branches also don't have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a "descriptive name". This makes things simpler and allows
more flexibility.</li>
<li>Release branches are available, but optional. Instead of enforcing the use of
release branches like Git Flow, Common-Flow only recommends the use of release
branches when it makes things easier. If creating a new release by tagging
“master” works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="why-use-common-flow-instead-of-github-flow-and-how-does-it-differ">Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</h3>
<p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a “Release” concept
"master" works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a "Release" concept
that uses tags. It also attempts to define how certain common tasks are done,
like updating change/feature branches from their source branches for
example. This is to help end arguments about how such things are done.</p>
<p>If a deployment/release for you is just getting the latest code in the master
branch out, without caring about bumping version numbers or anything, then
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don’t need the extras of
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don't need the extras of
Common-Flow.</p>
<p>However if your deployments/releases have specific version numbers, then
Common-Flow gives you a simple set of rules of how to create and manage
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p>
<h3 id="what-does-descriptive-name-mean-for-change-branches">What does “descriptive name” mean for change branches?</h3>
<p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch’s purpose
is and what it does. Here’s a few examples:</p>
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>What does &quot;descriptive name&quot; mean for change branches?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch's purpose
is and what it does. Here's a few examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>add-2fa-support</li>
<li>fix-login-issue</li>
@@ -338,16 +471,14 @@ is and what it does. Here’s a few examples:</p>
<li>improve-pagination-performance</li>
<li>tweak-footer-style</li>
</ul>
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like “feature/” or “hotfix/”, they’re
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there’s nothing
to say you can’t use such prefixes if you want.</p>
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like "feature/" or "hotfix/", they're
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there's nothing
to say you can't use such prefixes if you want.</p>
<p>You can also add ticket numbers to the branch name if your team/org has that as
part of it’s process. But it is recommended that ticket numbers are added to the
part of it's process. But it is recommended that ticket numbers are added to the
end of the branch name. The ticket number is essentially metadata, so put it at
the end and out of the way of humans trying to read the descriptive name from
left to right.</p>
<h3 id="how-do-we-release-an-emergency-hotfix-when-the-master-branch-is-broken">How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</h3>
<p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
left to right.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Review why the master branch is broken and revert the changes that caused the
@@ -357,14 +488,17 @@ of the master branch. Apply the hotfix to the release branch, create a release
tag on the release branch, and then merge it back into master.</li>
</ul>
<p>In this situation, it is recommended you try to revert the offending changes
that’s preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you’re short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let’s you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.</p>
<h2 id="about">About</h2>
<p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="https://jimeh.me/">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you’d like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="license">License</h2>
<p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 4.0</a></p> </article> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>
that's preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you're short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
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<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.1.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.1 diagram" width="100%">
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.1</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
bg-white dark:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
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dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
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Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.</p>
<p>TL;DR: Common-Flow is basically GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, maintenance releases for old versions, and without the requirement to
deploy to production all the time.</p>
<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2>
<ul>
deploy to production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
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Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
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License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
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The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
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On This Page
</div> <a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="summary" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="terminology" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="specification" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-tldr" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-the-master-branch" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-change-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-pull-requests" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-versioning" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-releases" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-short-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-long-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-bug-fixes-rollback" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-git-best-practices" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </aside> <!-- Mobile floating button --> <button id="spec-toc-toggle" class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must always have passing tests, is considered bleeding
edge, and must be named <code>master</code>.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
@@ -44,33 +185,31 @@ and a git tag named according to the new version string placed on said commit.</
<li><strong>Maintenance Release</strong> - Just like a regular release, except the version bump
commit and release tag are on a maintenance branch instead of the master
branch.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="git-common-flow-specification-common-flow">Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)</h2>
<p>The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”,
“SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named “master” MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
“master branch”.</li>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST be considered bleeding edge.</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a “as near as possible ready for
release/production” state to reduce the friction of creating a new
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possible ready for
release/production" state to reduce the friction of creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Changes
<ol>
<li>Changes MUST be performed on a separate branch that SHOULD be referred to
as a “change branch”. All change branches MUST have descriptive names. It
as a "change branch". All change branches MUST have descriptive names. It
is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and you SHOULD regularly
push your work to the same named branch on the remote server.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the “source branch”. Each change branch also
needs a designated “merge target branch”, typically this will be the same
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target branch", typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
@@ -78,9 +217,9 @@ the source branch. To be clear you MUST NOT merge a source branch into a
change branch.</li>
<li>After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you do a force
push, and you SHOULD use the “—force-with-lease” git push option.</li>
push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.</li>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target branch, you MUST open a
“pull request” (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your
"pull request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your
changes.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
@@ -97,16 +236,16 @@ discuss the changes with others there.</li>
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD always use “—force-with-lease” when doing a force push. The
plain “—force” option is dangerous and destructive. More
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
plain "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do “git pull —rebase” instead of “git
pull” to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of “git pull” with “git config —global pull.rebase true”.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using “git merge —no-ff”.
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the commits,
allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit, and creates
a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with master.</li>
@@ -115,34 +254,34 @@ a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with master.</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called “VERSION”
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.</li>
<li>If you are using a “VERSION” file in the root of the project, this MUST
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.</li>
<li>The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a “v” prefix. For example “v2.11.4”
is bad, and “2.11.4” is good.</li>
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a “version bump” commit directly
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit directly
on the master branch which changes the hard-coded version value of the
project. The version bump commit MUST have a git tag created on it and
named as the exact version string.</li>
<li>A version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of “Bump version
to VERSION”. For example, if the new version string is “2.11.4”, the
first line of the commit message MUST read: “Bump version to 2.11.4”</li>
<li>A version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"</li>
<li>The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
“v”. For example the tag name can be either “2.11.4” or “v2.11.4”.</li>
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read “Release VERSION”. For example for version “2.11.4” the first line
of the tag annotation would read “Release 2.11.4”. The second line must
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
@@ -161,22 +300,22 @@ the relevant changes.</li>
</li>
<li>Maintenance Releases
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with “stable-” SHOULD be referred to
as a “maintenance branch”.</li>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "stable-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "maintenance branch".</li>
<li>Maintenance branches are used for managing new releases of older
versions. Typically this is used to provide security updates for older
versions when the master branch has moved on to a point that a new
release for the old version cannot be made from the master branch.</li>
<li>A “maintenance release” is identical to a regular release, except the
<li>A "maintenance release" is identical to a regular release, except the
version bump commit and the release tag are placed on the maintenance
branch instead of on the master branch.</li>
<li>A maintenance branch SHOULD follow a “stable-X.Y” naming pattern, where
“X” is the MAJOR version and “Y” is the minor version.</li>
<li>A maintenance branch SHOULD follow a "stable-X.Y" naming pattern, where
"X" is the MAJOR version and "Y" is the minor version.</li>
<li>A maintenance branch MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For
example if there is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of
which is “2.9.7”, we create a new branch called “stable-2.9” off of the
“2.9.7” release tag. The security fix release will then end up being
version “2.9.8”.</li>
which is "2.9.7", we create a new branch called "stable-2.9" off of the
"2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will then end up being
version "2.9.8".</li>
<li>When working on a maintenance release, the relevant maintenance branch
MUST be thought of as the master branch for that maintenance work.</li>
<li>Changes in a maintenance branch SHOULD typically come from work being
@@ -186,11 +325,17 @@ into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="about">About</h2>
<p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you’d like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="license">License</h2>
<p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p> </article> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>
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<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.2.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.2 diagram" width="100%">
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
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Git Common-Flow
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Spec
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text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]">
Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.2</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
bg-white dark:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
rounded-2xl shadow-lg dark:shadow-none
border border-[var(--color-border)]
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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hover:text-[var(--color-accent)] transition-colors" aria-label="Scroll to content"> <svg class="w-6 h-6 animate-bounce-subtle" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 14l-7 7m0 0l-7-7m7 7V3"></path> </svg> </a> </section> <section id="about" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>About Common-Flow</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.</p>
<p>TL;DR: Common-Flow is basically GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, maintenance releases for old versions, and without the requirement to
deploy to production all the time.</p>
<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2>
<ul>
deploy to production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
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Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
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On This Page
</div> <a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="summary" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="terminology" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="specification" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-tldr" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-the-master-branch" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-change-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-pull-requests" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-versioning" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-releases" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-short-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-long-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-bug-fixes-rollback" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-git-best-practices" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </aside> <!-- Mobile floating button --> <button id="spec-toc-toggle" class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must always have passing tests, is considered bleeding
edge, and must be named <code>master</code>.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
@@ -39,28 +180,26 @@ its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</l
to the new version string placed on said commit.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="git-common-flow-specification-common-flow">Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)</h2>
<p>The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”,
“SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named “master” MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
“master branch”.</li>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST be considered bleeding edge.</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a “as near as possibly ready for
release/production” state to reduce any friction with creating a new
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as “change branches”. All change
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches". All change
branches MUST have descriptive names. It is RECOMMENDED that you commit
often locally, and you SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named
branch on the remote server.</li>
@@ -68,21 +207,21 @@ branch on the remote server.</li>
change. You MUST NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the “source branch”. Each change branch also
needs a designated “merge target” branch, typically this will be the same
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.</li>
<li>After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you to do a
force push, and you SHOULD use the “—force-with-lease” git push option.</li>
force push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a “pull
request” (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your changes.</li>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your changes.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
@@ -95,45 +234,45 @@ discuss the changes with others there.</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called “VERSION”
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.</li>
<li>If you are using a “VERSION” file in the root of the project, this MUST
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.</li>
<li>The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a “v” prefix. For example “v2.11.4”
is bad, and “2.11.4” is good.</li>
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a “version bump” commit which
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit which
changes the hard-coded version string of the project. The version bump
commit MUST have a git tag created on it and named as the exact version
string.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the version bump commit MUST
be created directly on the master branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of “Bump version
to VERSION”. For example, if the new version string is “2.11.4”, the
first line of the commit message MUST read: “Bump version to 2.11.4”</li>
<li>The version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"</li>
<li>The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
“v”. For example the tag name can be either “2.11.4” or “v2.11.4”. You
MUST not use a mix of “v” prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". You
MUST not use a mix of "v" prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form
and stick to it.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read “Release VERSION”. For example for version “2.11.4” the first line
of the tag annotation would read “Release 2.11.4”. The second line must
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with “release-” SHOULD be referred to
as a “release branch”.</li>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Use of release branches is OPTIONAL.</li>
<li>Changes in a release branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
@@ -147,8 +286,8 @@ branch in the first place. One exception to this is version bump commits.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>MUST have a name of “release-VERSION”. For example for version
“2.11.4” the release branch name MUST be “release-2.11.4”.</li>
<li>MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For example for version
"2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be "release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch, the version bump commit and
release tag MUST be made directly on the release branch itself.</li>
<li>Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
@@ -168,16 +307,16 @@ branch. Typically this is useful when you need to create a new
maintenance release for a older version.</li>
<li>The branch name MUST have a non-specific version number. For example
a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x releases would be
named “release-2.9”.</li>
named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST
create a version bump commit and release tag directly on the release
branch.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST be created from the relevant release
tag. For example if the master branch is on version 2.11.4 and there
is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of which is
“2.9.7”. Create a new branch called “release-2.9” off of the “2.9.7”
"2.9.7". Create a new branch called "release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7"
release tag. The security fix release will then end up being version
“2.9.8”.</li>
"2.9.8".</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
@@ -201,30 +340,36 @@ the relevant changes.</li>
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with “git commit -a”. It is
RECOMMENDED you use “git add -i” to add individual changes to the staging
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" to add individual changes to the staging
area so you are fully aware of what you are committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use “—force-with-lease” when doing a force push. The
regular “—force” option is dangerous and destructive. More
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do “git pull —rebase” instead of “git
pull” to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of “git pull” with “git config —global pull.rebase true”.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using “git merge —no-ff”.
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="about">About</h2>
<p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you’d like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="license">License</h2>
<p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p> </article> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
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Jim Myhrberg
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<p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.3</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.</p>
<p>In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.</p>
<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named “master”, must always have passing tests,
production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
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Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
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License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
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On This Page
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
@@ -40,36 +181,34 @@ environments. Consists of a version bump commit, and a git tag named according
to the new version string placed on said commit.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="git-common-flow-specification-common-flow">Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)</h2>
<p>The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”,
“SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>TL;DR
<ol>
<li>Don’t break the master branch.</li>
<li>Don't break the master branch.</li>
<li>A release is a git tag.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named “master” MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
“master branch”.</li>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a “as near as possibly ready for
release/production” state to reduce any friction with creating a new
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as “change branches”. All change
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches". All change
branches MUST have descriptive names. It is RECOMMENDED that you commit
often locally, and you SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named
branch on the remote server.</li>
@@ -77,21 +216,21 @@ branch on the remote server.</li>
change. You MUST NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the “source branch”. Each change branch also
needs a designated “merge target” branch, typically this will be the same
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.</li>
<li>After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you to do a
force push, and you SHOULD use the “—force-with-lease” git push option.</li>
force push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a “pull
request” (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your changes.</li>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your changes.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
@@ -104,45 +243,45 @@ discuss the changes with others there.</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called “VERSION”
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.</li>
<li>If you are using a “VERSION” file in the root of the project, this MUST
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.</li>
<li>The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a “v” prefix. For example “v2.11.4”
is bad, and “2.11.4” is good.</li>
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a “version bump” commit which
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit which
changes the hard-coded version string of the project. The version bump
commit MUST have a git tag created on it and named as the exact version
string.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the version bump commit MUST
be created directly on the master branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of “Bump version
to VERSION”. For example, if the new version string is “2.11.4”, the
first line of the commit message MUST read: “Bump version to 2.11.4”</li>
<li>The version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"</li>
<li>The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
“v”. For example the tag name can be either “2.11.4” or “v2.11.4”. You
MUST not use a mix of “v” prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". You
MUST not use a mix of "v" prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form
and stick to it.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read “Release VERSION”. For example for version “2.11.4” the first line
of the tag annotation would read “Release 2.11.4”. The second line must
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with “release-” SHOULD be referred to
as a “release branch”.</li>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Use of release branches is OPTIONAL.</li>
<li>Changes in a release branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
@@ -156,8 +295,8 @@ branch in the first place. One exception to this is version bump commits.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>MUST have a name of “release-VERSION”. For example for version
“2.11.4” the release branch name MUST be “release-2.11.4”.</li>
<li>MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For example for version
"2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be "release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch, the version bump commit and
release tag MUST be made directly on the release branch itself.</li>
<li>Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
@@ -177,16 +316,16 @@ branch. Typically this is useful when you need to create a new
maintenance release for a older version.</li>
<li>The branch name MUST have a non-specific version number. For example
a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x releases would be
named “release-2.9”.</li>
named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST
create a version bump commit and release tag directly on the release
branch.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST be created from the relevant release
tag. For example if the master branch is on version 2.11.4 and there
is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of which is
“2.9.7”. Create a new branch called “release-2.9” off of the “2.9.7”
"2.9.7". Create a new branch called "release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7"
release tag. The security fix release will then end up being version
“2.9.8”.</li>
"2.9.8".</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
@@ -210,30 +349,36 @@ the relevant changes.</li>
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with “git commit -a”. It is
RECOMMENDED you use “git add -i” to add individual changes to the staging
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" to add individual changes to the staging
area so you are fully aware of what you are committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use “—force-with-lease” when doing a force push. The
regular “—force” option is dangerous and destructive. More
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do “git pull —rebase” instead of “git
pull” to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of “git pull” with “git config —global pull.rebase true”.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using “git merge —no-ff”.
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="about">About</h2>
<p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you’d like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="license">License</h2>
<p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p> </article> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>
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<p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.4</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
bg-white dark:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
rounded-2xl shadow-lg dark:shadow-none
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
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Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.</p>
<p>In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.</p>
<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named “master”, must always have passing tests,
production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
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Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
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License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
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The complete Git Common-Flow specification
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On This Page
</div> <a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="summary" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="terminology" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="specification" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-tldr" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-the-master-branch" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-change-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-pull-requests" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-versioning" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-releases" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-short-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-long-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-bug-fixes-rollback" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-git-best-practices" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </aside> <!-- Mobile floating button --> <button id="spec-toc-toggle" class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
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dark:hover:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]" data-toc-close aria-label="Close" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> <svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k></path> </svg> </button> </div> <nav class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> <a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </div> </div> <script type="module">function l(){const r=document.querySelectorAll("[data-sidebar-link]"),d=new Map;r.forEach(e=>{const t=e.getAttribute("data-section-id");if(t){const o=document.getElementById(t);o&&d.set(t,o)}});const g=new IntersectionObserver(e=>{e.forEach(t=>{if(t.isIntersecting){const o=t.target.getAttribute("id");r.forEach(a=>{const E=a.getAttribute("data-section-id");a.classList.toggle("active",E===o)})}})},{rootMargin:"-20% 0% -60% 0%",threshold:0});d.forEach(e=>g.observe(e));const n=document.getElementById("spec-toc-toggle"),c=document.getElementById("spec-toc-drawer"),u=c?.querySelector("[data-toc-backdrop]"),b=c?.querySelector("[data-toc-close]"),v=c?.querySelectorAll("[data-toc-link]");function f(){c?.classList.remove("hidden"),document.body.style.overflow="hidden"}function s(){c?.classList.add("hidden"),document.body.style.overflow=""}n?.addEventListener("click",f),u?.addEventListener("click",s),b?.addEventListener("click",s),v?.forEach(e=>{e.addEventListener("click",s)});const i=document.getElementById("spec");i&&n&&new IntersectionObserver(([t])=>{n.classList.toggle("hidden",!t.isIntersecting)},{threshold:0}).observe(i)}l();document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",l);</script> </div> <!-- Main content --> <div class="flex-1 min-w-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <article class="prose-spec spec-content" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Terminology --> <section id="terminology" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Terminology</h2> <ul>
<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
@@ -39,36 +180,34 @@ its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</l
effectively just a git tag named after the version of the release.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="git-common-flow-specification-common-flow">Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)</h2>
<p>The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”,
“SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>TL;DR
<ol>
<li>Don’t break the master branch.</li>
<li>Don't break the master branch.</li>
<li>A release is a git tag.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named “master” MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
“master branch”.</li>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a “as near as possibly ready for
release/production” state to reduce any friction with creating a new
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as “change branches”.</li>
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches".</li>
<li>All change branches MUST have descriptive names.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and that you try and
keep the commits reasonably structured to avoid a messy and confusing git
@@ -79,8 +218,8 @@ remote server.</li>
change. You SHOULD NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the “source branch”. Each change branch also
needs a designated “merge target” branch, typically this will be the same
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
@@ -88,8 +227,8 @@ the source branch.</li>
<li>After updating a change branch from its source branch you MUST push the
change branch to the remote server. Due to the nature of rebasing, you
will be required to do a force push, and you MUST use the
“—force-with-lease” git push option when doing so instead of the regular
“—force”.</li>
"--force-with-lease" git push option when doing so instead of the regular
"--force".</li>
<li>If there is a truly valid technical reason to not use rebase when
updating change branches, then you can update change branches via merge
instead of rebase. The decision to use merge MUST only be taken after all
@@ -101,15 +240,15 @@ of both methods, pick one and stick to it.</li>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a “pull
request” (or equivalent).</li>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent).</li>
<li>The purpose of a pull request is to allow others to review your changes
and give feedback. You can then fix any issues, complaints, and more that
might arise, and then let people review again.</li>
<li>Before creating a pull request, it is RECOMMENDED that you consider the
state of your change branch’s commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with “git rebase
-i” to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
state of your change branch's commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with "git rebase
-i" to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
reviewers.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
@@ -122,23 +261,23 @@ discuss the changes with others there.</li>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>A “version string” is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
<li>A "version string" is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
specific version of a project. The version string itself MUST NOT have a
“v” prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a “v” prefix to
"v" prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a "v" prefix to
indicate it is a version that is being referred to.</li>
<li>The source of truth for a project’s version MUST be a git tag with a name
<li>The source of truth for a project's version MUST be a git tag with a name
based on the version string. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
“release tag”.</li>
"release tag".</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED to also keep the version string
hard-coded somewhere in the project code-base.</li>
<li>If you hard-code the version string into the code-base, it is RECOMMENDED
that you do so in a file called “VERSION” located in the root of the
that you do so in a file called "VERSION" located in the root of the
project. But be mindful of the conventions of your programming language
and community when choosing if, where and how to hard-code the version
string.</li>
<li>If you are using a “VERSION” file in the root of the project, this file
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this file
MUST only contain the exact version string, meaning it MUST NOT have a
“v” prefix. For example “v2.11.4” is bad, and “2.11.4” is good.</li>
"v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED that that the version string follows
Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
</ol>
@@ -147,46 +286,46 @@ Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a git tag named as the exact
version string of the release. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
“release tag”.</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with “v”. For example the
tag name can be either “2.11.4” or “v2.11.4”. It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a “v” prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of “v”
"release tag".</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with "v". For example the
tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a "v" prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of "v"
prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form and stick to it.</li>
<li>If the version string is hard-coded into the code-base, you MUST create a
“version bump” commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
"version bump" commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
project.</li>
<li>When using version bump commits, the release tag MUST be placed on the
version bump commit.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the release tag, and if
relevant the version bump commit, MUST be created directly on the master
branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of “Bump
version to VERSION”. For example, if the new version string is “2.11.4”,
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: “Bump version to
2.11.4”</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of "Bump
version to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4",
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: "Bump version to
2.11.4"</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation
SHOULD read “Release VERSION”. For example for version “2.11.4” the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read “Release 2.11.4”. The second line
SHOULD read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read "Release 2.11.4". The second line
MUST be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Short-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with “release-” SHOULD be referred to
as a “release branch”.</li>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a “short-term release branch”.</li>
string, MUST be referred to as a "short-term release branch".</li>
<li>Use of short-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended to be used
to create a specific versioned release.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of “release-VERSION”. For
example for version “2.11.4” the release branch name MUST be
“release-2.11.4”.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For
example for version "2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be
"release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch to create a release, the release
tag and if used, version bump commit, MUST be placed directly on the
short-term release branch itself.</li>
@@ -203,8 +342,8 @@ will be the master branch.</li>
<li>Long-term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a non-specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a “long-term release branch”. For example
“release-2.11” is a long-term release branch, while “release-2.11.4” is a
string, MUST be referred to as a "long-term release branch". For example
"release-2.11" is a long-term release branch, while "release-2.11.4" is a
short-term release branch.</li>
<li>Use of long-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended for work on
versions which are not currently part of the master branch. Typically
@@ -212,13 +351,13 @@ this is useful when you need to create a new maintenance release for a
older version.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST have a name with a non-specific version
number. For example a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x
releases MUST be named “release-2.9”.</li>
releases MUST be named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>Long-term release branches for maintenance releases of older versions
MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For example if the master
branch is on version 2.11.4 and there is a security fix for all 2.9.x
releases, the latest of which is “2.9.7”. Create a new branch called
“release-2.9” off of the “2.9.7” release tag. The security fix release
will then end up being version “2.9.8”.</li>
releases, the latest of which is "2.9.7". Create a new branch called
"release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release
will then end up being version "2.9.8".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST follow
the same process as a release from the master branch, except the
long-term release branch takes the place of the master branch.</li>
@@ -248,73 +387,69 @@ the relevant changes.</li>
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with “git commit -a”. It is
RECOMMENDED you use “git add -i” or “git add -p” to add individual
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" or "git add -p" to add individual
changes to the staging area so you are fully aware of what you are
committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use “—force-with-lease” when doing a force push. The
regular “—force” option is dangerous and destructive. More
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do “git pull —rebase” instead of “git
pull” to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of “git pull” with “git config —global pull.rebase true”.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using “git merge —no-ff”.
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="faq">FAQ</h2>
<h3 id="why-use-common-flow-instead-of-git-flow-and-how-does-it-differ">Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</h3>
<p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn’t
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
</p> </div> <!-- FAQ Items --> <div class="space-y-0" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn't
really change much:</p>
<ul>
<li>You create change branches instead of feature branches, without the need of a
“feature/” or “change/” prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created off of and merged back into “master”
instead of “develop”.</li>
"feature/" or "change/" prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created off of and merged back into "master"
instead of "develop".</li>
<li>Creating a release is done by simply creating a git tag, typically on the
master branch.</li>
</ul>
<p>In detail, the main differences between Git Flow and Common-Flow are:</p>
<ul>
<li>There is no “develop” branch, there is only a “master” branch which contains
<li>There is no "develop" branch, there is only a "master" branch which contains
the latest work. In Git Flow the master branch effectively ends up just being
a pointer to the latest release, despite the fact that Git Flow includes
release tags too. In Common-Flow you just look at the tags to find the latest
release.</li>
<li>There are no “feature” or “hotfix” branches, there’s only “change”
<li>There are no "feature" or "hotfix" branches, there's only "change"
branches. Any branch that is not master and introduces changes is a change
branch. Change branches also don’t have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a “descriptive name”. This makes things simpler and allows
branch. Change branches also don't have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a "descriptive name". This makes things simpler and allows
more flexibility.</li>
<li>Release branches are available, but optional. Instead of enforcing the use of
release branches like Git Flow, Common-Flow only recommends the use of release
branches when it makes things easier. If creating a new release by tagging
“master” works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="why-use-common-flow-instead-of-github-flow-and-how-does-it-differ">Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</h3>
<p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a “Release” concept
"master" works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a "Release" concept
that uses tags. It also attempts to define how certain common tasks are done,
like updating change/feature branches from their source branches for
example. This is to help end arguments about how such things are done.</p>
<p>If a deployment/release for you is just getting the latest code in the master
branch out, without caring about bumping version numbers or anything, then
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don’t need the extras of
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don't need the extras of
Common-Flow.</p>
<p>However if your deployments/releases have specific version numbers, then
Common-Flow gives you a simple set of rules of how to create and manage
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p>
<h3 id="what-does-descriptive-name-mean-for-change-branches">What does “descriptive name” mean for change branches?</h3>
<p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch’s purpose
is and what it does. Here’s a few examples:</p>
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>What does &quot;descriptive name&quot; mean for change branches?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch's purpose
is and what it does. Here's a few examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>add-2fa-support</li>
<li>fix-login-issue</li>
@@ -323,12 +458,10 @@ is and what it does. Here’s a few examples:</p>
<li>change-search-behavior</li>
<li>tweak-footer-style</li>
</ul>
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like “feature/” or “hotfix/”, they’re
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there’s nothing
to say you can’t use such prefixes if you want. That also means that you can add
ticket number prefixes if your team/org has that as part of it’s process.</p>
<h3 id="how-do-we-release-an-emergency-hotfix-when-the-master-branch-is-broken">How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</h3>
<p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like "feature/" or "hotfix/", they're
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there's nothing
to say you can't use such prefixes if you want. That also means that you can add
ticket number prefixes if your team/org has that as part of it's process.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Review why the master branch is broken and revert the changes that caused the
@@ -338,14 +471,17 @@ of the master branch. Apply the hotfix to the release branch, create a release
tag on the release branch, and then merge it back into master.</li>
</ul>
<p>In this situation, it is recommended you try to revert the offending changes
that’s preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you’re short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let’s you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.</p>
<h2 id="about">About</h2>
<p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
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<p>If you’d like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="license">License</h2>
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<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.5.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5 diagram" width="100%">
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
<p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.5</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects most commonly use git.</p>
<p>In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.</p>
<h2 id="summary">Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li>The “master” branch is the mainline branch with latest changes, and must not
production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
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Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><ul>
<li>The "master" branch is the mainline branch with latest changes, and must not
be broken.</li>
<li>Changes (features, bugfixes, etc.) are done on “change branches” created from
<li>Changes (features, bugfixes, etc.) are done on "change branches" created from
the master branch.</li>
<li>Rebase change branches <a href="https://i.imgur.com/1RS8x2d.png">early and often</a>.</li>
<li>When a change branch is stable and ready, it is merged back in to master.</li>
<li>A release is just a git tag who’s name is the exact release version string
(e.g. “2.11.4”).</li>
<li>A release is just a git tag who's name is the exact release version string
(e.g. "2.11.4").</li>
<li>Release branches can be used to avoid change freezes on master. They are not
required, instead they are available if you need them.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named “master”, must always have passing tests,
</ul></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
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Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="https://jimeh.me/">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
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License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 4.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
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The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
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On This Page
</div> <a href="#introduction" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="introduction" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Introduction </a><a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="summary" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="terminology" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="specification" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-tldr" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-the-master-branch" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-change-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-pull-requests" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-versioning" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-releases" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-short-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-long-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-bug-fixes-rollback" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-git-best-practices" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </aside> <!-- Mobile floating button --> <button id="spec-toc-toggle" class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
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dark:hover:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]" data-toc-close aria-label="Close" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> <svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k></path> </svg> </button> </div> <nav class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> <a href="#introduction" class="sidebar-link " data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Introduction </a><a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-toc-link data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </div> </div> <script type="module">function l(){const r=document.querySelectorAll("[data-sidebar-link]"),d=new Map;r.forEach(e=>{const t=e.getAttribute("data-section-id");if(t){const o=document.getElementById(t);o&&d.set(t,o)}});const g=new IntersectionObserver(e=>{e.forEach(t=>{if(t.isIntersecting){const o=t.target.getAttribute("id");r.forEach(a=>{const E=a.getAttribute("data-section-id");a.classList.toggle("active",E===o)})}})},{rootMargin:"-20% 0% -60% 0%",threshold:0});d.forEach(e=>g.observe(e));const n=document.getElementById("spec-toc-toggle"),c=document.getElementById("spec-toc-drawer"),u=c?.querySelector("[data-toc-backdrop]"),b=c?.querySelector("[data-toc-close]"),v=c?.querySelectorAll("[data-toc-link]");function f(){c?.classList.remove("hidden"),document.body.style.overflow="hidden"}function s(){c?.classList.add("hidden"),document.body.style.overflow=""}n?.addEventListener("click",f),u?.addEventListener("click",s),b?.addEventListener("click",s),v?.forEach(e=>{e.addEventListener("click",s)});const i=document.getElementById("spec");i&&n&&new IntersectionObserver(([t])=>{n.classList.toggle("hidden",!t.isIntersecting)},{threshold:0}).observe(i)}l();document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",l);</script> </div> <!-- Main content --> <div class="flex-1 min-w-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <article class="prose-spec spec-content" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Terminology --> <section id="terminology" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Terminology</h2> <ul>
<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
@@ -52,10 +191,8 @@ its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</l
effectively just a git tag named after the version of the release.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="git-common-flow-specification-common-flow">Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)</h2>
<p>The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”,
“SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>TL;DR
@@ -66,22 +203,22 @@ interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 21
</li>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named “master” MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
“master branch”.</li>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a “as near as possibly ready for
release/production” state to reduce any friction with creating a new
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as “change branches”.</li>
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches".</li>
<li>All change branches MUST have descriptive names.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and that you try and
keep the commits reasonably structured to avoid a messy and confusing git
@@ -92,8 +229,8 @@ remote server.</li>
change. You SHOULD NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the “source branch”. Each change branch also
needs a designated “merge target” branch, typically this will be the same
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
@@ -101,8 +238,8 @@ the source branch.</li>
<li>After updating a change branch from its source branch you MUST push the
change branch to the remote server. Due to the nature of rebasing, you
will be required to do a force push, and you MUST use the
“—force-with-lease” git push option when doing so instead of the regular
“—force”.</li>
"--force-with-lease" git push option when doing so instead of the regular
"--force".</li>
<li>If there is a truly valid technical reason to not use rebase when
updating change branches, then you can update change branches via merge
instead of rebase. The decision to use merge MUST only be taken after all
@@ -114,15 +251,15 @@ of both methods, pick one and stick to it.</li>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a “pull
request” (or equivalent).</li>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent).</li>
<li>The purpose of a pull request is to allow others to review your changes
and give feedback. You can then fix any issues, complaints, and more that
might arise, and then let people review again.</li>
<li>Before creating a pull request, it is RECOMMENDED that you consider the
state of your change branch’s commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with “git rebase
-i” to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
state of your change branch's commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with "git rebase
-i" to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
reviewers.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
@@ -136,23 +273,23 @@ how, when, and why the code looks and behaves the way it does.</li>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>A “version string” is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
<li>A "version string" is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
specific version of a project. The version string itself MUST NOT have a
“v” prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a “v” prefix to
"v" prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a "v" prefix to
indicate it is a version that is being referred to.</li>
<li>The source of truth for a project’s version MUST be a git tag with a name
<li>The source of truth for a project's version MUST be a git tag with a name
based on the version string. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
“release tag”.</li>
"release tag".</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED to also keep the version string
hard-coded somewhere in the project code-base.</li>
<li>If you hard-code the version string into the code-base, it is RECOMMENDED
that you do so in a file called “VERSION” located in the root of the
that you do so in a file called "VERSION" located in the root of the
project. But be mindful of the conventions of your programming language
and community when choosing if, where and how to hard-code the version
string.</li>
<li>If you are using a “VERSION” file in the root of the project, this file
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this file
MUST only contain the exact version string, meaning it MUST NOT have a
“v” prefix. For example “v2.11.4” is bad, and “2.11.4” is good.</li>
"v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED that that the version string follows
Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
</ol>
@@ -161,46 +298,46 @@ Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a git tag named as the exact
version string of the release. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
“release tag”.</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with “v”. For example the
tag name can be either “2.11.4” or “v2.11.4”. It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a “v” prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of “v”
"release tag".</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with "v". For example the
tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a "v" prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of "v"
prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form and stick to it.</li>
<li>If the version string is hard-coded into the code-base, you MUST create a
“version bump” commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
"version bump" commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
project.</li>
<li>When using version bump commits, the release tag MUST be placed on the
version bump commit.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the release tag, and if
relevant the version bump commit, MUST be created directly on the master
branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of “Bump
version to VERSION”. For example, if the new version string is “2.11.4”,
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: “Bump version to
2.11.4”</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of "Bump
version to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4",
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: "Bump version to
2.11.4"</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation
SHOULD read “Release VERSION”. For example for version “2.11.4” the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read “Release 2.11.4”. The second line
SHOULD read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read "Release 2.11.4". The second line
MUST be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Short-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with “release-” SHOULD be referred to
as a “release branch”.</li>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a “short-term release branch”.</li>
string, MUST be referred to as a "short-term release branch".</li>
<li>Use of short-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended to be used
to create a specific versioned release.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of “release-VERSION”. For
example for version “2.11.4” the release branch name MUST be
“release-2.11.4”.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For
example for version "2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be
"release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch to create a release, the release
tag and if used, version bump commit, MUST be placed directly on the
short-term release branch itself.</li>
@@ -217,8 +354,8 @@ will be the master branch.</li>
<li>Long-term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a non-specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a “long-term release branch”. For example
“release-2.11” is a long-term release branch, while “release-2.11.4” is a
string, MUST be referred to as a "long-term release branch". For example
"release-2.11" is a long-term release branch, while "release-2.11.4" is a
short-term release branch.</li>
<li>Use of long-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended for work on
versions which are not currently part of the master branch. Typically
@@ -226,13 +363,13 @@ this is useful when you need to create a new maintenance release for a
older version.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST have a name with a non-specific version
number. For example a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x
releases MUST be named “release-2.9”.</li>
releases MUST be named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>Long-term release branches for maintenance releases of older versions
MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For example if the master
branch is on version 2.11.4 and there is a security fix for all 2.9.x
releases, the latest of which is “2.9.7”. Create a new branch called
“release-2.9” from the “2.9.7” release tag. The security fix release will
then end up being version “2.9.8”.</li>
releases, the latest of which is "2.9.7". Create a new branch called
"release-2.9" from the "2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will
then end up being version "2.9.8".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST follow
the same process as a release from the master branch, except the
long-term release branch takes the place of the master branch.</li>
@@ -262,73 +399,69 @@ the relevant changes.</li>
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with “git commit -a”. It is
RECOMMENDED you use “git add -i” or “git add -p” to add individual
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" or "git add -p" to add individual
changes to the staging area so you are fully aware of what you are
committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use “—force-with-lease” when doing a force push. The
regular “—force” option is dangerous and destructive. More
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do “git pull —rebase” instead of “git
pull” to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of “git pull” with “git config —global pull.rebase true”.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using “git merge —no-ff”.
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="faq">FAQ</h2>
<h3 id="why-use-common-flow-instead-of-git-flow-and-how-does-it-differ">Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</h3>
<p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn’t
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
</p> </div> <!-- FAQ Items --> <div class="space-y-0" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn't
really change much:</p>
<ul>
<li>You create change branches instead of feature branches, without the need of a
“feature/” or “change/” prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created from and merged back into “master”
instead of “develop”.</li>
"feature/" or "change/" prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created from and merged back into "master"
instead of "develop".</li>
<li>Creating a release is done by simply creating a git tag, typically on the
master branch.</li>
</ul>
<p>In detail, the main differences between Git Flow and Common-Flow are:</p>
<ul>
<li>There is no “develop” branch, there is only a “master” branch which contains
<li>There is no "develop" branch, there is only a "master" branch which contains
the latest work. In Git Flow the master branch effectively ends up just being
a pointer to the latest release, despite the fact that Git Flow includes
release tags too. In Common-Flow you just look at the tags to find the latest
release.</li>
<li>There are no “feature” or “hotfix” branches, there’s only “change”
<li>There are no "feature" or "hotfix" branches, there's only "change"
branches. Any branch that is not master and introduces changes is a change
branch. Change branches also don’t have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a “descriptive name”. This makes things simpler and allows
branch. Change branches also don't have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a "descriptive name". This makes things simpler and allows
more flexibility.</li>
<li>Release branches are available, but optional. Instead of enforcing the use of
release branches like Git Flow, Common-Flow only recommends the use of release
branches when it makes things easier. If creating a new release by tagging
“master” works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="why-use-common-flow-instead-of-github-flow-and-how-does-it-differ">Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</h3>
<p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a “Release” concept
"master" works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a "Release" concept
that uses tags. It also attempts to define how certain common tasks are done,
like updating change/feature branches from their source branches for
example. This is to help end arguments about how such things are done.</p>
<p>If a deployment/release for you is just getting the latest code in the master
branch out, without caring about bumping version numbers or anything, then
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don’t need the extras of
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don't need the extras of
Common-Flow.</p>
<p>However if your deployments/releases have specific version numbers, then
Common-Flow gives you a simple set of rules of how to create and manage
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p>
<h3 id="what-does-descriptive-name-mean-for-change-branches">What does “descriptive name” mean for change branches?</h3>
<p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch’s purpose
is and what it does. Here’s a few examples:</p>
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>What does &quot;descriptive name&quot; mean for change branches?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch's purpose
is and what it does. Here's a few examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>add-2fa-support</li>
<li>fix-login-issue</li>
@@ -338,16 +471,14 @@ is and what it does. Here’s a few examples:</p>
<li>improve-pagination-performance</li>
<li>tweak-footer-style</li>
</ul>
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like “feature/” or “hotfix/”, they’re
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there’s nothing
to say you can’t use such prefixes if you want.</p>
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like "feature/" or "hotfix/", they're
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there's nothing
to say you can't use such prefixes if you want.</p>
<p>You can also add ticket numbers to the branch name if your team/org has that as
part of it’s process. But it is recommended that ticket numbers are added to the
part of it's process. But it is recommended that ticket numbers are added to the
end of the branch name. The ticket number is essentially metadata, so put it at
the end and out of the way of humans trying to read the descriptive name from
left to right.</p>
<h3 id="how-do-we-release-an-emergency-hotfix-when-the-master-branch-is-broken">How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</h3>
<p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
left to right.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Review why the master branch is broken and revert the changes that caused the
@@ -357,14 +488,17 @@ of the master branch. Apply the hotfix to the release branch, create a release
tag on the release branch, and then merge it back into master.</li>
</ul>
<p>In this situation, it is recommended you try to revert the offending changes
that’s preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you’re short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let’s you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.</p>
<h2 id="about">About</h2>
<p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="https://jimeh.me/">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you’d like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="license">License</h2>
<p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 4.0</a></p> </article> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>
that's preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you're short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let's you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <script type="module">function s(){const r=document.querySelectorAll("[data-faq-item]");r.forEach(t=>{const e=t.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),o=t.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),i=t.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");!e||!o||!i||e.addEventListener("click",()=>{const c=e.getAttribute("aria-expanded")==="true";r.forEach(a=>{if(a!==t){const d=a.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),l=a.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),f=a.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");d?.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),l?.classList.add("hidden"),f?.classList.remove("rotate-180")}}),e.setAttribute("aria-expanded",c?"false":"true"),o.classList.toggle("hidden",c),i.classList.toggle("rotate-180",!c)})});const n=r[0]?.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]");n&&n.click()}s();document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",s);</script> </main> <footer class="py-8 text-center text-sm
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