33 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
0a74d4eacd feat(design): complete redesign of website
Redesign the website with a more modern look.
2026-01-10 19:19:06 +00:00
a0359ef376 chore(deps): switch from Node.js to Bun 2026-01-10 18:57:40 +00:00
2e5101650f refactor: port site from Jekyll to Astro 2026-01-10 18:54:17 +00:00
04d807c388 Update rubocop dependency 2018-05-15 12:09:26 +01:00
7ab8829442 Update to version 1.0.0-rc.5 2018-05-04 13:27:45 +01:00
9452466843 Rebuild website 2017-10-08 15:17:02 +01:00
71ad62dd80 Fix raw source URL 2017-10-08 15:15:41 +01:00
ed36d3fe5b Move repo URL into config file 2017-10-08 15:15:23 +01:00
084cba10d5 Fix styling with code-blocks 2017-10-08 15:14:59 +01:00
42deba342a Update to version 1.0.0-rc.4 2017-08-29 02:17:29 +01:00
95f217fa2e Rebuild site with new github link in sidebar 2017-08-08 22:53:42 +01:00
8028308194 Add link to Github repo in sidebar 2017-08-08 22:50:44 +01:00
28f128b355 Use nested scss syntax 2017-08-08 22:50:17 +01:00
42fd1b4358 Rmove use of Google Analytics
Keeps the site as "clean" as possible, also GA isn't very useful
thanks to ad-blockers :)
2017-07-17 23:28:32 +01:00
65b73bce68 Update to version 1.0.0-rc.3 2017-07-12 14:41:41 +01:00
80ce565080 Rebuild site with Google Analytics and tidy html 2017-07-10 19:26:31 +01:00
1f5b48f5f3 Add jekyll-tidy plugin for tidy HTML output 2017-07-10 19:22:47 +01:00
4f8f4d434d Add Google Analytics 2017-07-10 19:21:45 +01:00
33c90a3c1e Switch back to latest version of jekyll
We no longer have GitHub Pages render the jekyll site for us, but
rather we generate static html into the docs folder offline. Hence we
can use whatever jekyll version we want.
2017-07-10 19:21:37 +01:00
d2689d1c79 Rebuild site with compiled and digest suffixed assets 2017-07-09 21:42:49 +01:00
d3703dba89 Enable asset compression 2017-07-09 21:40:26 +01:00
cc198331c3 Use jekyll-assets for asset compilation 2017-07-09 21:30:19 +01:00
28c824ebb2 Add version 1.0.0-rc.2 2017-07-09 20:41:49 +01:00
f5b4d3c994 Remove 404.html from sitemap 2017-07-09 20:40:09 +01:00
6e96511e78 Update style 2017-07-09 20:39:56 +01:00
8a51061b61 Update and cleanup Rakefile 2017-07-09 20:39:35 +01:00
054e3ec0f4 CNAME file is required 2017-07-04 11:49:45 +01:00
aa3d03a4a4 Add docs directory 2017-07-04 11:48:34 +01:00
2e54b67e17 Build site locally into docs directory
GitHub Pages just doesn't want to render the markdown with Kramdown
the way we need. So instead of using GitHub Pages' jekyll rendering,
we'll simply render the site offset to static HTML in the docs
directory and inform GitHub Pages to use that.
2017-07-04 11:46:52 +01:00
38f557c49b Exclude various files not related to website from jekyll builds 2017-07-04 11:45:07 +01:00
dbd58eb80d Drop support for IE8 and earlier 2017-07-04 11:44:23 +01:00
02632bbf20 Actually enable the gem with our custom kramdown parser >_< 2017-07-04 10:18:01 +01:00
1216fa2bc0 Disable Kramdown's smart quotes and typographic symbols 2017-07-04 09:54:23 +01:00
68 changed files with 7319 additions and 1233 deletions

10
.claude/settings.json Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
{
"permissions": {
"allow": [
"Bash(bun install:*)",
"Bash(bun run build:*)",
"Bash(bun run update:*)",
"Bash(bun update:*)"
]
}
}

20
.gitignore vendored
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@@ -1,3 +1,23 @@
# Astro
dist/
.astro/
# Node
node_modules/
# Jekyll (legacy, can be removed after full migration)
_site
.asset-cache
.sass-cache
.jekyll-metadata
.jekyll-cache
docs/assets/.sprockets-manifest-*.json
# Editor
.DS_Store
*.swp
*.swo
# Environment
.env
.env.*

2
.mise.toml Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
[tools]
bun = "1"

4
.vscode/extensions.json vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
{
"recommendations": ["astro-build.astro-vscode"],
"unwantedRecommendations": []
}

11
.vscode/launch.json vendored Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"command": "bun run dev",
"name": "dev server",
"request": "launch",
"type": "node-terminal"
}
]
}

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@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
---
title: 404 Page Not Found
---
<div class="header">
<h1>404</h1>
<p><strong>Page not found :(</strong></p>
<p>The requested page could not be found.</p>
</div>

60
CLAUDE.md Normal file
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# CLAUDE.md
This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with
code in this repository.
## Project Overview
This is the source for commonflow.org, an Astro-based static site that documents
the Git Common-Flow specification. Common-Flow is a git workflow specification
that combines GitHub Flow with versioned releases.
## Build Commands
```bash
# Install tooling (bun) via mise
mise install
# Install dependencies
bun install
# Development server
bun run dev
# Build site (outputs to docs/ directory)
bun run build
# Preview built site
bun run preview
# Update specs from upstream (fetches from github.com/jimeh/common-flow)
bun run update
```
The site is built to `docs/` for GitHub Pages hosting.
## Architecture
- **Astro 5.x** static site generator
- **Tailwind CSS 4.x** for styling with dark mode support
- **Content Collections** for spec markdown files
- **TypeScript** throughout
- **Bun** as JavaScript runtime and package manager (managed via mise)
### Key Files
- `src/config.ts` - Site configuration with version list
- `src/content.config.ts` - Astro content collection definition
- `src/layouts/Default.astro` - Main layout with sidebar
- `src/components/` - Sidebar, MenuToggle, ThemeToggle components
- `src/pages/spec/[version].astro` - Dynamic route for spec versions
- `src/content/spec/*.md` - Versioned spec documents
- `public/spec/*.svg` - SVG diagrams for each version
- `scripts/update-specs.ts` - Fetches specs from GitHub
### Updating Spec Versions
1. Add new version to `versions` array in `src/config.ts`
2. Update `currentVersion` if this is the new default
3. Run `bun run update` to fetch specs from GitHub
4. Run `bun run build` to rebuild the site

29
Gemfile
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@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
source 'https://rubygems.org'
# Hello! This is where you manage which Jekyll version is used to run.
# When you want to use a different version, change it below, save the
# file and run `bundle install`. Run Jekyll with `bundle exec`, like so:
#
# bundle exec jekyll serve
#
# This will help ensure the proper Jekyll version is running.
# Happy Jekylling!
# gem 'jekyll', '3.5.0'
# If you want to use GitHub Pages, remove the "gem "jekyll"" above and
# uncomment the line below. To upgrade, run `bundle update github-pages`.
gem 'github-pages', group: :jekyll_plugins
group :development do
gem 'rake'
gem 'rubocop'
end
# If you have any plugins, put them here!
group :jekyll_plugins do
gem 'jekyll-seo-tag'
gem 'jekyll-sitemap'
end
# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

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@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
GEM
remote: https://rubygems.org/
specs:
activesupport (4.2.8)
i18n (~> 0.7)
minitest (~> 5.1)
thread_safe (~> 0.3, >= 0.3.4)
tzinfo (~> 1.1)
addressable (2.5.1)
public_suffix (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.2)
ast (2.3.0)
coffee-script (2.4.1)
coffee-script-source
execjs
coffee-script-source (1.12.2)
colorator (1.1.0)
ethon (0.10.1)
ffi (>= 1.3.0)
execjs (2.7.0)
faraday (0.12.1)
multipart-post (>= 1.2, < 3)
ffi (1.9.18)
forwardable-extended (2.6.0)
gemoji (3.0.0)
github-pages (141)
activesupport (= 4.2.8)
github-pages-health-check (= 1.3.4)
jekyll (= 3.4.3)
jekyll-avatar (= 0.4.2)
jekyll-coffeescript (= 1.0.1)
jekyll-default-layout (= 0.1.4)
jekyll-feed (= 0.9.2)
jekyll-gist (= 1.4.0)
jekyll-github-metadata (= 2.4.0)
jekyll-mentions (= 1.2.0)
jekyll-optional-front-matter (= 0.1.2)
jekyll-paginate (= 1.1.0)
jekyll-readme-index (= 0.1.0)
jekyll-redirect-from (= 0.12.1)
jekyll-relative-links (= 0.4.1)
jekyll-sass-converter (= 1.5.0)
jekyll-seo-tag (= 2.2.3)
jekyll-sitemap (= 1.0.0)
jekyll-swiss (= 0.4.0)
jekyll-theme-architect (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-cayman (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-dinky (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-hacker (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-leap-day (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-merlot (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-midnight (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-minimal (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-modernist (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-primer (= 0.2.1)
jekyll-theme-slate (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-tactile (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-theme-time-machine (= 0.0.4)
jekyll-titles-from-headings (= 0.2.0)
jemoji (= 0.8.0)
kramdown (= 1.13.2)
liquid (= 3.0.6)
listen (= 3.0.6)
mercenary (~> 0.3)
minima (= 2.1.1)
rouge (= 1.11.1)
terminal-table (~> 1.4)
github-pages-health-check (1.3.4)
addressable (~> 2.3)
net-dns (~> 0.8)
octokit (~> 4.0)
public_suffix (~> 2.0)
typhoeus (~> 0.7)
html-pipeline (2.6.0)
activesupport (>= 2)
nokogiri (>= 1.4)
i18n (0.8.4)
jekyll (3.4.3)
addressable (~> 2.4)
colorator (~> 1.0)
jekyll-sass-converter (~> 1.0)
jekyll-watch (~> 1.1)
kramdown (~> 1.3)
liquid (~> 3.0)
mercenary (~> 0.3.3)
pathutil (~> 0.9)
rouge (~> 1.7)
safe_yaml (~> 1.0)
jekyll-avatar (0.4.2)
jekyll (~> 3.0)
jekyll-coffeescript (1.0.1)
coffee-script (~> 2.2)
jekyll-default-layout (0.1.4)
jekyll (~> 3.0)
jekyll-feed (0.9.2)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-gist (1.4.0)
octokit (~> 4.2)
jekyll-github-metadata (2.4.0)
jekyll (~> 3.1)
octokit (~> 4.0, != 4.4.0)
jekyll-mentions (1.2.0)
activesupport (~> 4.0)
html-pipeline (~> 2.3)
jekyll (~> 3.0)
jekyll-optional-front-matter (0.1.2)
jekyll (~> 3.0)
jekyll-paginate (1.1.0)
jekyll-readme-index (0.1.0)
jekyll (~> 3.0)
jekyll-redirect-from (0.12.1)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-relative-links (0.4.1)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-sass-converter (1.5.0)
sass (~> 3.4)
jekyll-seo-tag (2.2.3)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-sitemap (1.0.0)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-swiss (0.4.0)
jekyll-theme-architect (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-cayman (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-dinky (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-hacker (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-leap-day (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-merlot (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-midnight (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-minimal (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-modernist (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-primer (0.2.1)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-slate (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-tactile (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-theme-time-machine (0.0.4)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-titles-from-headings (0.2.0)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
jekyll-watch (1.5.0)
listen (~> 3.0, < 3.1)
jemoji (0.8.0)
activesupport (~> 4.0)
gemoji (~> 3.0)
html-pipeline (~> 2.2)
jekyll (>= 3.0)
kramdown (1.13.2)
liquid (3.0.6)
listen (3.0.6)
rb-fsevent (>= 0.9.3)
rb-inotify (>= 0.9.7)
mercenary (0.3.6)
mini_portile2 (2.2.0)
minima (2.1.1)
jekyll (~> 3.3)
minitest (5.10.2)
multipart-post (2.0.0)
net-dns (0.8.0)
nokogiri (1.8.0)
mini_portile2 (~> 2.2.0)
octokit (4.7.0)
sawyer (~> 0.8.0, >= 0.5.3)
parser (2.4.0.0)
ast (~> 2.2)
pathutil (0.14.0)
forwardable-extended (~> 2.6)
powerpack (0.1.1)
public_suffix (2.0.5)
rainbow (2.2.1)
rake (12.0.0)
rb-fsevent (0.10.2)
rb-inotify (0.9.10)
ffi (>= 0.5.0, < 2)
rouge (1.11.1)
rubocop (0.47.1)
parser (>= 2.3.3.1, < 3.0)
powerpack (~> 0.1)
rainbow (>= 1.99.1, < 3.0)
ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
unicode-display_width (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.1)
ruby-progressbar (1.8.1)
safe_yaml (1.0.4)
sass (3.4.24)
sawyer (0.8.1)
addressable (>= 2.3.5, < 2.6)
faraday (~> 0.8, < 1.0)
terminal-table (1.8.0)
unicode-display_width (~> 1.1, >= 1.1.1)
thread_safe (0.3.6)
typhoeus (0.8.0)
ethon (>= 0.8.0)
tzinfo (1.2.3)
thread_safe (~> 0.1)
unicode-display_width (1.3.0)
PLATFORMS
ruby
DEPENDENCIES
github-pages
jekyll-seo-tag
jekyll-sitemap
rake
rubocop
tzinfo-data
BUNDLED WITH
1.14.6

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@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
require 'open-uri'
require 'yaml'
desc 'Update index.md and spec folder based on versions in _config.yml'
task :update do
config = YAML.load_file('_config.yml')
current_version = config['current_version']
versions = config['versions']
remove_all_specs(config['update'])
puts ''
puts 'Fetching configured spec versions:'
versions.each do |version|
spec = fetch_spec(version, config['update'])
if current_version == version
write_file('index.md', spec[:body], " (#{version})")
end
filename = File.join(config['update']['output_dir'], version)
write_file("#{filename}.md", spec[:body])
write_file("#{filename}.svg", spec[:diagram]) if spec[:diagram]
end
end
def write_file(file, content, comment = nil)
puts " - #{file}#{comment}"
File.write(file, content)
end
def fetch_spec(version, config)
doc_url = config['url_tpl']
.gsub('{{version}}', version)
.gsub('{{file}}', config['files']['document'])
diagram_url = config['url_tpl']
.gsub('{{version}}', version)
.gsub('{{file}}', config['files']['diagram'])
document = get(doc_url)
diagram = get(diagram_url)
if diagram
img_tag = config['img_tpl'].gsub('{{file}}', "#{version}.svg")
document.gsub!(/\A(.*\n=+\n)/, "\\1\n#{img_tag}\n")
end
title = document.split("\n", 2).first
body = config['body_tpl']
.gsub('{{title}}', title)
.gsub('{{version}}', version)
.gsub('{{content}}', document)
{
version: version,
title: title,
body: body,
diagram: diagram
}
end
def fetch_document(url)
response = get(url)
{
body: response
}
end
def fetch_diagram(url)
end
def get(url)
URI.parse(url).read
rescue OpenURI::HTTPError
nil
end
def remove_all_specs(config)
puts ''
puts 'Removing existing spec files:'
Dir["#{config['output_dir']}/*"].each do |file|
puts " #{file.gsub(File.dirname(__FILE__), '')}"
File.delete(file)
end
end

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@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
title: Git Common Flow
description: >
An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of
git into a single and concise specification.
author: Jim Myhrberg
url: https://commonflow.org
current_version: 1.0.0-rc.1
versions:
- 1.0.0-rc.1
update:
body_tpl: |
---
title: {{title}}
version: {{version}}
---
{{content}}
url_tpl: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jimeh/common-flow/{{version}}/{{file}}"
img_tpl: "<img src=\"/spec/{{file}}\" width=\"100%\" />"
output_dir: "spec"
files:
document: common-flow.md
diagram: common-flow.svg
gems:
- jekyll-sitemap
- jekyll-seo-tag
defaults:
-
scope:
path: ""
values:
layout: "default"
markdown: kramdown

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@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans+Condensed:700,300|Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/purecss@1.0.0/build/pure-min.css" integrity="sha384-nn4HPE8lTHyVtfCBi5yW9d20FjT8BJwUXyWZT9InLYax14RDjBj46LmSztkmNP9w" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main-old-ie.css">
<![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">
<!--<![endif]-->
{% seo %}
</head>
<body>
<div id="layout">
<a href="#menu" id="menuLink" class="menu-link">
<span></span>
</a>
<div id="menu">
<div class="pure-menu">
<ul class="pure-menu-list">
<li class="pure-menu-item">
<div class="pure-menu-label">Versions:</div>
</li>
{% for version in site.versions %}
{% assign expected = "spec/" | append: version | append: ".md" %}
{% assign found = site.pages | where: "path", expected | first %}
{% assign selected = "" %}
{% if version == page.version %}
{% assign selected = " pure-menu-selected" %}
{% endif %}
{% if found %}
<li class="pure-menu-item version-{{ version }}{{ selected }}">
<a href="{{ found.url }}" class="pure-menu-link">{{ version }}</a>
</li>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main">
<div class="content">
{{ content }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/js/ui.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

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@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
html {
height: 100%;
}
body {
font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: 400;
line-height: 1.5;
color: #1a1a1a;
background-color: #fdfdfd;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-family: 'Open Sans Condensed', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: 700;
color: #333;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2.5em;
line-height: 1.2;
}
ol ol, ul ol {
list-style-type: lower-roman;
}
.content {
margin-top: 80px;
}
.content a {
word-break: break-word;
}
.content code {
background-color: rgba(27,31,35,0.05);
border-radius: 3px;
font-family: "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, Courier, monospace;
font-size: 90%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.2em;
}
#menu .pure-menu-label {
color: #999;
border: none;
padding: 0.6em 0 0.6em 0.6em;
}

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@@ -1,255 +0,0 @@
body {
color: #777;
}
.pure-img-responsive {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
/*
Add transition to containers so they can push in and out.
*/
#layout,
#menu,
.menu-link {
-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-ms-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-o-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
}
/*
This is the parent `<div>` that contains the menu and the content area.
*/
#layout {
position: relative;
left: 0;
padding-left: 0;
}
#layout.active #menu {
left: 150px;
width: 150px;
}
#layout.active .menu-link {
left: 150px;
}
/*
The content `<div>` is where all your content goes.
*/
.content {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0 2em;
max-width: 800px;
margin-bottom: 50px;
line-height: 1.6em;
}
.header {
margin: 0;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
padding: 2.5em 2em 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.header h1 {
margin: 0.2em 0;
font-size: 3em;
font-weight: 300;
}
.header h2 {
font-weight: 300;
color: #ccc;
padding: 0;
margin-top: 0;
}
.content-subhead {
margin: 50px 0 20px 0;
font-weight: 300;
color: #888;
}
/*
The `#menu` `<div>` is the parent `<div>` that contains the `.pure-menu` that
appears on the left side of the page.
*/
#menu {
margin-left: -150px;
/* "#menu" width */
width: 150px;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
z-index: 1000;
/* so the menu or its navicon stays above all content */
background: #191818;
overflow-y: auto;
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}
/*
All anchors inside the menu should be styled like this.
*/
#menu a {
color: #999;
border: none;
padding: 0.6em 0 0.6em 0.6em;
}
/*
Remove all background/borders, since we are applying them to #menu.
*/
#menu .pure-menu,
#menu .pure-menu ul {
border: none;
background: transparent;
}
/*
Add that light border to separate items into groups.
*/
#menu .pure-menu ul,
#menu .pure-menu .menu-item-divided {
border-top: 1px solid #333;
}
/*
Change color of the anchor links on hover/focus.
*/
#menu .pure-menu li a:hover,
#menu .pure-menu li a:focus {
background: #333;
}
/*
This styles the selected menu item `<li>`.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-selected,
#menu .pure-menu-heading {
background: #1f8dd6;
}
/*
This styles a link within a selected menu item `<li>`.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-selected a {
color: #fff;
}
/*
This styles the menu heading.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-heading {
font-size: 110%;
color: #fff;
margin: 0;
}
/* -- Dynamic Button For Responsive Menu -------------------------------------*/
/*
The button to open/close the Menu is custom-made and not part of Pure. Here's
how it works:
*/
/*
`.menu-link` represents the responsive menu toggle that shows/hides on
small screens.
*/
.menu-link {
position: fixed;
display: block;
/* show this only on small screens */
top: 0;
left: 0;
/* "#menu width" */
background: #000;
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
font-size: 10px;
/* change this value to increase/decrease button size */
z-index: 10;
width: 2em;
height: auto;
padding: 2.1em 1.6em;
}
.menu-link:hover,
.menu-link:focus {
background: #000;
}
.menu-link span {
position: relative;
display: block;
}
.menu-link span,
.menu-link span:before,
.menu-link span:after {
background-color: #fff;
width: 100%;
height: 0.2em;
}
.menu-link span:before,
.menu-link span:after {
position: absolute;
margin-top: -0.6em;
content: " ";
}
.menu-link span:after {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}
/* -- Responsive Styles (Media Queries) ------------------------------------- */
/*
Hides the menu at `48em`, but modify this based on your app's needs.
*/
.header,
.content {
padding-left: 2em;
padding-right: 2em;
}
#layout {
padding-left: 150px;
/* left col width "#menu" */
left: 0;
}
#menu {
left: 150px;
}
.menu-link {
position: fixed;
left: 150px;
display: none;
}
#layout.active .menu-link {
left: 150px;
}

View File

@@ -1,248 +0,0 @@
body {
color: #777;
}
.pure-img-responsive {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
}
/*
Add transition to containers so they can push in and out.
*/
#layout,
#menu,
.menu-link {
-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-ms-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-o-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
}
/*
This is the parent `<div>` that contains the menu and the content area.
*/
#layout {
position: relative;
left: 0;
padding-left: 0;
}
#layout.active #menu {
left: 150px;
width: 150px;
}
#layout.active .menu-link {
left: 150px;
}
/*
The content `<div>` is where all your content goes.
*/
.content {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0 2em;
max-width: 800px;
margin-bottom: 50px;
line-height: 1.6em;
}
.header {
margin: 0;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
padding: 2.5em 2em 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.header h1 {
margin: 0.2em 0;
font-size: 3em;
font-weight: 300;
}
.header h2 {
font-weight: 300;
color: #ccc;
padding: 0;
margin-top: 0;
}
.content-subhead {
margin: 50px 0 20px 0;
font-weight: 300;
color: #888;
}
/*
The `#menu` `<div>` is the parent `<div>` that contains the `.pure-menu` that
appears on the left side of the page.
*/
#menu {
margin-left: -150px; /* "#menu" width */
width: 150px;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
z-index: 1000; /* so the menu or its navicon stays above all content */
background: #191818;
overflow-y: auto;
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}
/*
All anchors inside the menu should be styled like this.
*/
#menu a {
color: #999;
border: none;
padding: 0.6em 0 0.6em 0.6em;
}
/*
Remove all background/borders, since we are applying them to #menu.
*/
#menu .pure-menu,
#menu .pure-menu ul {
border: none;
background: transparent;
}
/*
Add that light border to separate items into groups.
*/
#menu .pure-menu ul,
#menu .pure-menu .menu-item-divided {
border-top: 1px solid #333;
}
/*
Change color of the anchor links on hover/focus.
*/
#menu .pure-menu li a:hover,
#menu .pure-menu li a:focus {
background: #333;
}
/*
This styles the selected menu item `<li>`.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-selected,
#menu .pure-menu-heading {
background: #1f8dd6;
}
/*
This styles a link within a selected menu item `<li>`.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-selected a {
color: #fff;
}
/*
This styles the menu heading.
*/
#menu .pure-menu-heading {
font-size: 110%;
color: #fff;
margin: 0;
}
/* -- Dynamic Button For Responsive Menu -------------------------------------*/
/*
The button to open/close the Menu is custom-made and not part of Pure. Here's
how it works:
*/
/*
`.menu-link` represents the responsive menu toggle that shows/hides on
small screens.
*/
.menu-link {
position: fixed;
display: block; /* show this only on small screens */
top: 0;
left: 0; /* "#menu width" */
background: #000;
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
font-size: 10px; /* change this value to increase/decrease button size */
z-index: 10;
width: 2em;
height: auto;
padding: 2.1em 1.6em;
}
.menu-link:hover,
.menu-link:focus {
background: #000;
}
.menu-link span {
position: relative;
display: block;
}
.menu-link span,
.menu-link span:before,
.menu-link span:after {
background-color: #fff;
width: 100%;
height: 0.2em;
}
.menu-link span:before,
.menu-link span:after {
position: absolute;
margin-top: -0.6em;
content: " ";
}
.menu-link span:after {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}
/* -- Responsive Styles (Media Queries) ------------------------------------- */
/*
Hides the menu at `48em`, but modify this based on your app's needs.
*/
@media (min-width: 48em) {
.header,
.content {
padding-left: 2em;
padding-right: 2em;
}
#layout {
padding-left: 150px; /* left col width "#menu" */
left: 0;
}
#menu {
left: 150px;
}
.menu-link {
position: fixed;
left: 150px;
display: none;
}
#layout.active .menu-link {
left: 150px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 48em) {
/* Only apply this when the window is small. Otherwise, the following
case results in extra padding on the left:
* Make the window small.
* Tap the menu to trigger the active state.
* Make the window large again.
*/
#layout.active {
position: relative;
left: 150px;
}
}

12
astro.config.mjs Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
import { defineConfig } from "astro/config";
import tailwindcss from "@tailwindcss/vite";
import sitemap from "@astrojs/sitemap";
export default defineConfig({
site: "https://commonflow.org",
outDir: "./docs",
integrations: [sitemap()],
vite: {
plugins: [tailwindcss()],
},
});

824
bun.lock Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,824 @@
{
"lockfileVersion": 1,
"configVersion": 1,
"workspaces": {
"": {
"name": "commonflow-org",
"dependencies": {
"@astrojs/sitemap": "^3.2.1",
"astro": "^5.1.1",
"rehype-stringify": "^10.0.1",
"remark-parse": "^11.0.0",
"remark-rehype": "^11.1.2",
"unified": "^11.0.5",
},
"devDependencies": {
"@tailwindcss/typography": "^0.5.16",
"@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.0.0",
"tailwindcss": "^4.0.0",
"typescript": "^5.7.2",
},
},
},
"packages": {
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---
layout: none
---
// Import partials from `sass_dir` (defaults to `_sass`)
@import
"side-menu-old-ie",
"base"
;

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---
layout: none
---
// Import partials from `sass_dir` (defaults to `_sass`)
@import
"side-menu",
"base"
;

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="canonical" href="https://commonflow.org/404/"><title>Page Not Found | Git Common Flow</title><meta name="description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta name="author" content="Jim Myhrberg"><!-- Fonts --><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bricolage+Grotesque:opsz,wght@12..96,400;12..96,500;12..96,600;12..96,700;12..96,800&family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;1,9..40,400&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"><!-- Prevent flash of wrong theme --><script>
(function () {
const theme = localStorage.getItem("theme");
if (
theme === "dark" ||
(!theme &&
window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches)
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document.documentElement.classList.add("dark");
}
})();
</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/index.DViPM5fQ.css"></head> <body class="min-h-screen flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-8"> <div class="text-center"> <h1 class="text-[8rem] sm:text-[12rem] font-display font-bold leading-none
text-[var(--color-border-strong)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-border-strong)]">
404
</h1> <p class="text-xl mb-2 text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
Page not found
</p> <p class="text-[var(--color-text-muted)] dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]">
The page you're looking for doesn't exist.
</p> <a href="/" class="inline-block mt-8 btn btn-primary">
Go to homepage
</a> </div> </body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta name="description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta name="author" content="Jim Myhrberg"><!-- Open Graph --><meta property="og:title" content="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5"><meta property="og:description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:url" content="https://commonflow.org/1.0.0-rc.5"><!-- Twitter --><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5"><meta name="twitter:description" content="An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification."><title>Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5</title><!-- Fonts - distinctive choices --><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bricolage+Grotesque:opsz,wght@12..96,400;12..96,500;12..96,600;12..96,700;12..96,800&family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;1,9..40,400&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"><!-- Favicon --><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg"><!-- Theme initialization - prevent flash --><script>
(function () {
const theme = localStorage.getItem("theme");
if (
theme === "dark" ||
(!theme && window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches)
) {
document.documentElement.classList.add("dark");
}
})();
</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_astro/index.DViPM5fQ.css">
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</style></head> <body class="min-h-screen"> <header id="site-header" class="fixed top-0 inset-x-0 z-50 glass border-b border-transparent
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Git Common-Flow
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hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]" data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2>
About
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Spec
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FAQ
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text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]">
Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.5</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects most commonly use git.</p>
<p>In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><ul>
<li>The "master" branch is the mainline branch with latest changes, and must not
be broken.</li>
<li>Changes (features, bugfixes, etc.) are done on "change branches" created from
the master branch.</li>
<li>Rebase change branches <a href="https://i.imgur.com/1RS8x2d.png">early and often</a>.</li>
<li>When a change branch is stable and ready, it is merged back in to master.</li>
<li>A release is just a git tag who's name is the exact release version string
(e.g. "2.11.4").</li>
<li>Release branches can be used to avoid change freezes on master. They are not
required, instead they are available if you need them.</li>
</ul></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
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Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="https://jimeh.me/">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
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License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 4.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Source Branch</strong> - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.</li>
<li><strong>Merge Target</strong> - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.</li>
<li><strong>Pull Request</strong> - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</li>
<li><strong>Release</strong> - May be considered safe to use in production environments. Is
effectively just a git tag named after the version of the release.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>TL;DR
<ol>
<li>Do not break the master branch.</li>
<li>A release is a git tag.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches".</li>
<li>All change branches MUST have descriptive names.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and that you try and
keep the commits reasonably structured to avoid a messy and confusing git
history.</li>
<li>You SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named branch on the
remote server.</li>
<li>You SHOULD create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You SHOULD NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.</li>
<li>After updating a change branch from its source branch you MUST push the
change branch to the remote server. Due to the nature of rebasing, you
will be required to do a force push, and you MUST use the
"--force-with-lease" git push option when doing so instead of the regular
"--force".</li>
<li>If there is a truly valid technical reason to not use rebase when
updating change branches, then you can update change branches via merge
instead of rebase. The decision to use merge MUST only be taken after all
possible options to use rebase have been tried and failed. People not
understanding how to use rebase is NOT a valid reason to use merge. If
you do decide to use merge instead of rebase, you MUST NOT use a mixture
of both methods, pick one and stick to it.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent).</li>
<li>The purpose of a pull request is to allow others to review your changes
and give feedback. You can then fix any issues, complaints, and more that
might arise, and then let people review again.</li>
<li>Before creating a pull request, it is RECOMMENDED that you consider the
state of your change branch's commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with "git rebase
-i" to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
reviewers.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.</li>
<li>To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, it is RECOMMENDED you create a pull request and discuss the
changes with others there. This leaves a clear and visible history of
how, when, and why the code looks and behaves the way it does.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>A "version string" is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
specific version of a project. The version string itself MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a "v" prefix to
indicate it is a version that is being referred to.</li>
<li>The source of truth for a project's version MUST be a git tag with a name
based on the version string. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED to also keep the version string
hard-coded somewhere in the project code-base.</li>
<li>If you hard-code the version string into the code-base, it is RECOMMENDED
that you do so in a file called "VERSION" located in the root of the
project. But be mindful of the conventions of your programming language
and community when choosing if, where and how to hard-code the version
string.</li>
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this file
MUST only contain the exact version string, meaning it MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED that that the version string follows
Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a git tag named as the exact
version string of the release. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with "v". For example the
tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a "v" prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of "v"
prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form and stick to it.</li>
<li>If the version string is hard-coded into the code-base, you MUST create a
"version bump" commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
project.</li>
<li>When using version bump commits, the release tag MUST be placed on the
version bump commit.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the release tag, and if
relevant the version bump commit, MUST be created directly on the master
branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of "Bump
version to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4",
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: "Bump version to
2.11.4"</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation
SHOULD read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read "Release 2.11.4". The second line
MUST be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Short-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "short-term release branch".</li>
<li>Use of short-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended to be used
to create a specific versioned release.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For
example for version "2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be
"release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch to create a release, the release
tag and if used, version bump commit, MUST be placed directly on the
short-term release branch itself.</li>
<li>Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master branch,
and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it on top of the
master branch the same way a change branch pulls in updates from its
source branch.</li>
<li>After a release tag has been created, the release branch MUST be merged
back into its source branch and then deleted. Typically the source branch
will be the master branch.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Long-term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a non-specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "long-term release branch". For example
"release-2.11" is a long-term release branch, while "release-2.11.4" is a
short-term release branch.</li>
<li>Use of long-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended for work on
versions which are not currently part of the master branch. Typically
this is useful when you need to create a new maintenance release for a
older version.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST have a name with a non-specific version
number. For example a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x
releases MUST be named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>Long-term release branches for maintenance releases of older versions
MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For example if the master
branch is on version 2.11.4 and there is a security fix for all 2.9.x
releases, the latest of which is "2.9.7". Create a new branch called
"release-2.9" from the "2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will
then end up being version "2.9.8".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST follow
the same process as a release from the master branch, except the
long-term release branch takes the place of the master branch.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch should be treated with the same respect as the
master branch. It is effectively the master branch for the release series
in question. Meaning it MUST always be in a non-broken state, MUST NOT be
force pushed to, etc.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Bug Fixes &#x26; Rollback
<ol>
<li>You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch or
to long-term release branches.</li>
<li>If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Git Best Practices
<ol>
<li>All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" or "git add -p" to add individual
changes to the staging area so you are fully aware of what you are
committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
</p> </div> <!-- FAQ Items --> <div class="space-y-0" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn't
really change much:</p>
<ul>
<li>You create change branches instead of feature branches, without the need of a
"feature/" or "change/" prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created from and merged back into "master"
instead of "develop".</li>
<li>Creating a release is done by simply creating a git tag, typically on the
master branch.</li>
</ul>
<p>In detail, the main differences between Git Flow and Common-Flow are:</p>
<ul>
<li>There is no "develop" branch, there is only a "master" branch which contains
the latest work. In Git Flow the master branch effectively ends up just being
a pointer to the latest release, despite the fact that Git Flow includes
release tags too. In Common-Flow you just look at the tags to find the latest
release.</li>
<li>There are no "feature" or "hotfix" branches, there's only "change"
branches. Any branch that is not master and introduces changes is a change
branch. Change branches also don't have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a "descriptive name". This makes things simpler and allows
more flexibility.</li>
<li>Release branches are available, but optional. Instead of enforcing the use of
release branches like Git Flow, Common-Flow only recommends the use of release
branches when it makes things easier. If creating a new release by tagging
"master" works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a "Release" concept
that uses tags. It also attempts to define how certain common tasks are done,
like updating change/feature branches from their source branches for
example. This is to help end arguments about how such things are done.</p>
<p>If a deployment/release for you is just getting the latest code in the master
branch out, without caring about bumping version numbers or anything, then
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don't need the extras of
Common-Flow.</p>
<p>However if your deployments/releases have specific version numbers, then
Common-Flow gives you a simple set of rules of how to create and manage
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>What does &quot;descriptive name&quot; mean for change branches?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch's purpose
is and what it does. Here's a few examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>add-2fa-support</li>
<li>fix-login-issue</li>
<li>remove-sort-by-middle-name-functionality</li>
<li>update-font-awesome</li>
<li>change-search-behavior</li>
<li>improve-pagination-performance</li>
<li>tweak-footer-style</li>
</ul>
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like "feature/" or "hotfix/", they're
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there's nothing
to say you can't use such prefixes if you want.</p>
<p>You can also add ticket numbers to the branch name if your team/org has that as
part of it's process. But it is recommended that ticket numbers are added to the
end of the branch name. The ticket number is essentially metadata, so put it at
the end and out of the way of humans trying to read the descriptive name from
left to right.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Review why the master branch is broken and revert the changes that caused the
issues. Then apply the hotfix and release.</li>
<li>Or use a short-term release branch created from the latest release tag instead
of the master branch. Apply the hotfix to the release branch, create a release
tag on the release branch, and then merge it back into master.</li>
</ul>
<p>In this situation, it is recommended you try to revert the offending changes
that's preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you're short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let's you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <script type="module">function s(){const r=document.querySelectorAll("[data-faq-item]");r.forEach(t=>{const e=t.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),o=t.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),i=t.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");!e||!o||!i||e.addEventListener("click",()=>{const c=e.getAttribute("aria-expanded")==="true";r.forEach(a=>{if(a!==t){const d=a.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),l=a.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),f=a.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");d?.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),l?.classList.add("hidden"),f?.classList.remove("rotate-180")}}),e.setAttribute("aria-expanded",c?"false":"true"),o.classList.toggle("hidden",c),i.classList.toggle("rotate-180",!c)})});const n=r[0]?.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]");n&&n.click()}s();document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",s);</script> </main> <footer class="py-8 text-center text-sm
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dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]"> <div class="section-container"> <p>
Git Common-Flow is authored by
<a href="https://jimeh.me/" class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
Jim Myhrberg
</a> </p> <p class="mt-2"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
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Git Common-Flow
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Spec
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FAQ
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9.003 0 008.354-5.646z"></path> </svg> </button> <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="p-2 rounded-lg text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.1</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
bg-white dark:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
rounded-2xl shadow-lg dark:shadow-none
border border-[var(--color-border)]
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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hover:text-[var(--color-accent)] transition-colors" aria-label="Scroll to content"> <svg class="w-6 h-6 animate-bounce-subtle" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 14l-7 7m0 0l-7-7m7 7V3"></path> </svg> </a> </section> <section id="about" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>About Common-Flow</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.</p>
<p>TL;DR: Common-Flow is basically GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, maintenance releases for old versions, and without the requirement to
deploy to production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
lg:max-h-[calc(100vh-8rem)] lg:overflow-y-auto
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text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
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On This Page
</div> <a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="summary" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="terminology" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="specification" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-tldr" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-the-master-branch" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-change-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-pull-requests" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-versioning" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-releases" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-short-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-long-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-bug-fixes-rollback" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-git-best-practices" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </aside> <!-- Mobile floating button --> <button id="spec-toc-toggle" class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
w-12 h-12 rounded-full shadow-lg
bg-[var(--color-accent)] text-white
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must always have passing tests, is considered bleeding
edge, and must be named <code>master</code>.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Source Branch</strong> - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.</li>
<li><strong>Merge Target</strong> - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.</li>
<li><strong>Maintenance Branches</strong> - Used for maintaining old versions and releasing
PATCH updates when the master branch has moved on. Should follow a
<code>stable-X.Y</code> naming pattern, where <code>X</code> is MAJOR version and <code>Y</code> is MINOR
version.</li>
<li><strong>Pull Request</strong> - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</li>
<li><strong>Release</strong> - Consists of a version bump commit directly on the master branch,
and a git tag named according to the new version string placed on said commit.</li>
<li><strong>Maintenance Release</strong> - Just like a regular release, except the version bump
commit and release tag are on a maintenance branch instead of the master
branch.</li>
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST be considered bleeding edge.</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possible ready for
release/production" state to reduce the friction of creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Changes
<ol>
<li>Changes MUST be performed on a separate branch that SHOULD be referred to
as a "change branch". All change branches MUST have descriptive names. It
is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and you SHOULD regularly
push your work to the same named branch on the remote server.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target branch", typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch. To be clear you MUST NOT merge a source branch into a
change branch.</li>
<li>After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you do a force
push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.</li>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target branch, you MUST open a
"pull request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your
changes.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.</li>
<li>To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, it is RECOMMENDED you do this by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Git Best Practices
<ol>
<li>All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
plain "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the commits,
allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit, and creates
a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.</li>
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.</li>
<li>The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit directly
on the master branch which changes the hard-coded version value of the
project. The version bump commit MUST have a git tag created on it and
named as the exact version string.</li>
<li>A version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"</li>
<li>The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Bug Fixes &#x26; Rollback
<ol>
<li>You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch which has been merged in to the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch is wrongfully merged in to master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Maintenance Releases
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "stable-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "maintenance branch".</li>
<li>Maintenance branches are used for managing new releases of older
versions. Typically this is used to provide security updates for older
versions when the master branch has moved on to a point that a new
release for the old version cannot be made from the master branch.</li>
<li>A "maintenance release" is identical to a regular release, except the
version bump commit and the release tag are placed on the maintenance
branch instead of on the master branch.</li>
<li>A maintenance branch SHOULD follow a "stable-X.Y" naming pattern, where
"X" is the MAJOR version and "Y" is the minor version.</li>
<li>A maintenance branch MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For
example if there is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of
which is "2.9.7", we create a new branch called "stable-2.9" off of the
"2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will then end up being
version "2.9.8".</li>
<li>When working on a maintenance release, the relevant maintenance branch
MUST be thought of as the master branch for that maintenance work.</li>
<li>Changes in a maintenance branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
downwards from the master branch. If a change needs to trickle back up
into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
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Git Common-Flow
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.2</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
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dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.</p>
<p>TL;DR: Common-Flow is basically GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, maintenance releases for old versions, and without the requirement to
deploy to production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
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On This Page
</div> <a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="summary" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="terminology" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="specification" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-tldr" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-the-master-branch" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-change-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-pull-requests" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-versioning" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-releases" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-short-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-long-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-bug-fixes-rollback" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-git-best-practices" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </aside> <!-- Mobile floating button --> <button id="spec-toc-toggle" class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must always have passing tests, is considered bleeding
edge, and must be named <code>master</code>.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Source Branch</strong> - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.</li>
<li><strong>Merge Target</strong> - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.</li>
<li><strong>Pull Request</strong> - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</li>
<li><strong>Release</strong> - Consists of a version bump commit, and a git tag named according
to the new version string placed on said commit.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST be considered bleeding edge.</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches". All change
branches MUST have descriptive names. It is RECOMMENDED that you commit
often locally, and you SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named
branch on the remote server.</li>
<li>You MUST create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You MUST NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.</li>
<li>After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you to do a
force push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your changes.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.</li>
<li>To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, the RECOMMENDED way to do so is by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.</li>
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.</li>
<li>The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit which
changes the hard-coded version string of the project. The version bump
commit MUST have a git tag created on it and named as the exact version
string.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the version bump commit MUST
be created directly on the master branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"</li>
<li>The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". You
MUST not use a mix of "v" prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form
and stick to it.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Use of release branches is OPTIONAL.</li>
<li>Changes in a release branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
downwards from the master branch. If a change needs to trickle back up
into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place. One exception to this is version bump commits.</li>
<li>There are two types of release branches; short-term, and long-term.</li>
<li>Short-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Used for creating a specific versioned release.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For example for version
"2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be "release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch, the version bump commit and
release tag MUST be made directly on the release branch itself.</li>
<li>Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master
branch, and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it
on top of the master branch the same way a change branch pulls in
updates from its source branch.</li>
<li>After the version bump commit and release tag have been created, the
release branch MUST be merged back into its source branch and then
deleted. Typically the source branch will be the master branch.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Long-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Used for work on versions which are not currently part of the master
branch. Typically this is useful when you need to create a new
maintenance release for a older version.</li>
<li>The branch name MUST have a non-specific version number. For example
a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x releases would be
named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST
create a version bump commit and release tag directly on the release
branch.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST be created from the relevant release
tag. For example if the master branch is on version 2.11.4 and there
is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of which is
"2.9.7". Create a new branch called "release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7"
release tag. The security fix release will then end up being version
"2.9.8".</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Bug Fixes &#x26; Rollback
<ol>
<li>You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Git Best Practices
<ol>
<li>All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" to add individual changes to the staging
area so you are fully aware of what you are committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
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Common questions about Git Common-Flow
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Git Common-Flow
</span> </a> <!-- Desktop Navigation --> <nav class="hidden md:flex items-center gap-1" data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost text-sm" data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2>About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-ghost text-sm" data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2>Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost text-sm" data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2>FAQ</a> </nav> <!-- Right side: Version, Theme, GitHub --> <div class="flex items-center gap-3" data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2> <div class="version-selector relative" data-astro-cid-wyud3ywt> <select data-version-select class="appearance-none bg-transparent border border-[var(--color-border)]
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About
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Spec
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FAQ
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px-6 py-16 overflow-hidden"> <!-- Background gradient/texture --> <div class="absolute inset-0 bg-gradient-to-b from-[var(--color-bg-secondary)]
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.3</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
bg-white dark:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
rounded-2xl shadow-lg dark:shadow-none
border border-[var(--color-border)]
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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hover:text-[var(--color-accent)] transition-colors" aria-label="Scroll to content"> <svg class="w-6 h-6 animate-bounce-subtle" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 14l-7 7m0 0l-7-7m7 7V3"></path> </svg> </a> </section> <section id="about" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>About Common-Flow</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.</p>
<p>In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
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Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
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On This Page
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Source Branch</strong> - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.</li>
<li><strong>Merge Target</strong> - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.</li>
<li><strong>Pull Request</strong> - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</li>
<li><strong>Release</strong> - May be considered safe to use in production
environments. Consists of a version bump commit, and a git tag named according
to the new version string placed on said commit.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>TL;DR
<ol>
<li>Don't break the master branch.</li>
<li>A release is a git tag.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches". All change
branches MUST have descriptive names. It is RECOMMENDED that you commit
often locally, and you SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named
branch on the remote server.</li>
<li>You MUST create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You MUST NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.</li>
<li>After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you to do a
force push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your changes.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.</li>
<li>To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, the RECOMMENDED way to do so is by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.</li>
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.</li>
<li>The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit which
changes the hard-coded version string of the project. The version bump
commit MUST have a git tag created on it and named as the exact version
string.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the version bump commit MUST
be created directly on the master branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"</li>
<li>The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". You
MUST not use a mix of "v" prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form
and stick to it.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Use of release branches is OPTIONAL.</li>
<li>Changes in a release branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
downwards from the master branch. If a change needs to trickle back up
into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place. One exception to this is version bump commits.</li>
<li>There are two types of release branches; short-term, and long-term.</li>
<li>Short-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Used for creating a specific versioned release.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For example for version
"2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be "release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch, the version bump commit and
release tag MUST be made directly on the release branch itself.</li>
<li>Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master
branch, and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it
on top of the master branch the same way a change branch pulls in
updates from its source branch.</li>
<li>After the version bump commit and release tag have been created, the
release branch MUST be merged back into its source branch and then
deleted. Typically the source branch will be the master branch.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Long-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Used for work on versions which are not currently part of the master
branch. Typically this is useful when you need to create a new
maintenance release for a older version.</li>
<li>The branch name MUST have a non-specific version number. For example
a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x releases would be
named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST
create a version bump commit and release tag directly on the release
branch.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST be created from the relevant release
tag. For example if the master branch is on version 2.11.4 and there
is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of which is
"2.9.7". Create a new branch called "release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7"
release tag. The security fix release will then end up being version
"2.9.8".</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Bug Fixes &#x26; Rollback
<ol>
<li>You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Git Best Practices
<ol>
<li>All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" to add individual changes to the staging
area so you are fully aware of what you are committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
</p> </div> <!-- FAQ Items --> <div class="space-y-0" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> </div> </div> </div> </section> <script type="module">function s(){const r=document.querySelectorAll("[data-faq-item]");r.forEach(t=>{const e=t.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),o=t.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),i=t.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");!e||!o||!i||e.addEventListener("click",()=>{const c=e.getAttribute("aria-expanded")==="true";r.forEach(a=>{if(a!==t){const d=a.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),l=a.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),f=a.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");d?.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),l?.classList.add("hidden"),f?.classList.remove("rotate-180")}}),e.setAttribute("aria-expanded",c?"false":"true"),o.classList.toggle("hidden",c),i.classList.toggle("rotate-180",!c)})});const n=r[0]?.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]");n&&n.click()}s();document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",s);</script> </main> <footer class="py-8 text-center text-sm
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Git Common-Flow is authored by
<a href="https://jimeh.me/" class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
Jim Myhrberg
</a> </p> <p class="mt-2"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
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Git Common-Flow
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A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
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hover:text-[var(--color-accent)] transition-colors" aria-label="Scroll to content"> <svg class="w-6 h-6 animate-bounce-subtle" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 14l-7 7m0 0l-7-7m7 7V3"></path> </svg> </a> </section> <section id="about" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>About Common-Flow</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.</p>
<p>In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
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Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="http://jimeh.me">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
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License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
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On This Page
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Source Branch</strong> - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.</li>
<li><strong>Merge Target</strong> - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.</li>
<li><strong>Pull Request</strong> - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</li>
<li><strong>Release</strong> - May be considered safe to use in production environments. Is
effectively just a git tag named after the version of the release.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>TL;DR
<ol>
<li>Don't break the master branch.</li>
<li>A release is a git tag.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches".</li>
<li>All change branches MUST have descriptive names.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and that you try and
keep the commits reasonably structured to avoid a messy and confusing git
history.</li>
<li>You SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named branch on the
remote server.</li>
<li>You SHOULD create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You SHOULD NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.</li>
<li>After updating a change branch from its source branch you MUST push the
change branch to the remote server. Due to the nature of rebasing, you
will be required to do a force push, and you MUST use the
"--force-with-lease" git push option when doing so instead of the regular
"--force".</li>
<li>If there is a truly valid technical reason to not use rebase when
updating change branches, then you can update change branches via merge
instead of rebase. The decision to use merge MUST only be taken after all
possible options to use rebase have been tried and failed. People not
understanding how to use rebase is NOT a valid reason to use merge. If
you do decide to use merge instead of rebase, you MUST NOT use a mixture
of both methods, pick one and stick to it.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent).</li>
<li>The purpose of a pull request is to allow others to review your changes
and give feedback. You can then fix any issues, complaints, and more that
might arise, and then let people review again.</li>
<li>Before creating a pull request, it is RECOMMENDED that you consider the
state of your change branch's commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with "git rebase
-i" to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
reviewers.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.</li>
<li>To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, the RECOMMENDED way to do so is by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>A "version string" is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
specific version of a project. The version string itself MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a "v" prefix to
indicate it is a version that is being referred to.</li>
<li>The source of truth for a project's version MUST be a git tag with a name
based on the version string. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED to also keep the version string
hard-coded somewhere in the project code-base.</li>
<li>If you hard-code the version string into the code-base, it is RECOMMENDED
that you do so in a file called "VERSION" located in the root of the
project. But be mindful of the conventions of your programming language
and community when choosing if, where and how to hard-code the version
string.</li>
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this file
MUST only contain the exact version string, meaning it MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED that that the version string follows
Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a git tag named as the exact
version string of the release. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with "v". For example the
tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a "v" prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of "v"
prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form and stick to it.</li>
<li>If the version string is hard-coded into the code-base, you MUST create a
"version bump" commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
project.</li>
<li>When using version bump commits, the release tag MUST be placed on the
version bump commit.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the release tag, and if
relevant the version bump commit, MUST be created directly on the master
branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of "Bump
version to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4",
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: "Bump version to
2.11.4"</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation
SHOULD read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read "Release 2.11.4". The second line
MUST be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Short-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "short-term release branch".</li>
<li>Use of short-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended to be used
to create a specific versioned release.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For
example for version "2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be
"release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch to create a release, the release
tag and if used, version bump commit, MUST be placed directly on the
short-term release branch itself.</li>
<li>Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master branch,
and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it on top of the
master branch the same way a change branch pulls in updates from its
source branch.</li>
<li>After a release tag has been created, the release branch MUST be merged
back into its source branch and then deleted. Typically the source branch
will be the master branch.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Long-term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a non-specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "long-term release branch". For example
"release-2.11" is a long-term release branch, while "release-2.11.4" is a
short-term release branch.</li>
<li>Use of long-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended for work on
versions which are not currently part of the master branch. Typically
this is useful when you need to create a new maintenance release for a
older version.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST have a name with a non-specific version
number. For example a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x
releases MUST be named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>Long-term release branches for maintenance releases of older versions
MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For example if the master
branch is on version 2.11.4 and there is a security fix for all 2.9.x
releases, the latest of which is "2.9.7". Create a new branch called
"release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release
will then end up being version "2.9.8".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST follow
the same process as a release from the master branch, except the
long-term release branch takes the place of the master branch.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch should be treated with the same respect as the
master branch. It is effectively the master branch for the release series
in question. Meaning it MUST always be in a non-broken state, MUST NOT be
force pushed to, etc.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Bug Fixes &#x26; Rollback
<ol>
<li>You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch or
to long-term release branches.</li>
<li>If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Git Best Practices
<ol>
<li>All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" or "git add -p" to add individual
changes to the staging area so you are fully aware of what you are
committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
</p> </div> <!-- FAQ Items --> <div class="space-y-0" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn't
really change much:</p>
<ul>
<li>You create change branches instead of feature branches, without the need of a
"feature/" or "change/" prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created off of and merged back into "master"
instead of "develop".</li>
<li>Creating a release is done by simply creating a git tag, typically on the
master branch.</li>
</ul>
<p>In detail, the main differences between Git Flow and Common-Flow are:</p>
<ul>
<li>There is no "develop" branch, there is only a "master" branch which contains
the latest work. In Git Flow the master branch effectively ends up just being
a pointer to the latest release, despite the fact that Git Flow includes
release tags too. In Common-Flow you just look at the tags to find the latest
release.</li>
<li>There are no "feature" or "hotfix" branches, there's only "change"
branches. Any branch that is not master and introduces changes is a change
branch. Change branches also don't have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a "descriptive name". This makes things simpler and allows
more flexibility.</li>
<li>Release branches are available, but optional. Instead of enforcing the use of
release branches like Git Flow, Common-Flow only recommends the use of release
branches when it makes things easier. If creating a new release by tagging
"master" works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a "Release" concept
that uses tags. It also attempts to define how certain common tasks are done,
like updating change/feature branches from their source branches for
example. This is to help end arguments about how such things are done.</p>
<p>If a deployment/release for you is just getting the latest code in the master
branch out, without caring about bumping version numbers or anything, then
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don't need the extras of
Common-Flow.</p>
<p>However if your deployments/releases have specific version numbers, then
Common-Flow gives you a simple set of rules of how to create and manage
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>What does &quot;descriptive name&quot; mean for change branches?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch's purpose
is and what it does. Here's a few examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>add-2fa-support</li>
<li>fix-login-issue</li>
<li>remove-sort-by-middle-name-functionality</li>
<li>update-font-awesome</li>
<li>change-search-behavior</li>
<li>tweak-footer-style</li>
</ul>
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like "feature/" or "hotfix/", they're
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there's nothing
to say you can't use such prefixes if you want. That also means that you can add
ticket number prefixes if your team/org has that as part of it's process.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Review why the master branch is broken and revert the changes that caused the
issues. Then apply the hotfix and release.</li>
<li>Or use a short-term release branch created from the latest release tag instead
of the master branch. Apply the hotfix to the release branch, create a release
tag on the release branch, and then merge it back into master.</li>
</ul>
<p>In this situation, it is recommended you try to revert the offending changes
that's preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you're short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let's you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <script type="module">function s(){const r=document.querySelectorAll("[data-faq-item]");r.forEach(t=>{const e=t.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),o=t.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),i=t.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");!e||!o||!i||e.addEventListener("click",()=>{const c=e.getAttribute("aria-expanded")==="true";r.forEach(a=>{if(a!==t){const d=a.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),l=a.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),f=a.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");d?.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),l?.classList.add("hidden"),f?.classList.remove("rotate-180")}}),e.setAttribute("aria-expanded",c?"false":"true"),o.classList.toggle("hidden",c),i.classList.toggle("rotate-180",!c)})});const n=r[0]?.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]");n&&n.click()}s();document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",s);</script> </main> <footer class="py-8 text-center text-sm
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text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
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Git Common-Flow
</h1> <!-- Tagline --> <p class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]">
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p> <!-- Version badge --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10"> <span class="version-badge">v1.0.0-rc.5</span> </div> <!-- SVG Diagram --> <div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
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flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"> <a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a> <a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a> <a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a> </nav> </div> <!-- Scroll indicator --> <a href="#about" class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
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dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p> </div> <!-- Introduction --> <div class="prose-spec mb-12" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="spec-content" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the <a href="http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html">original variant</a>
of <a href="https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/">GitHub Flow</a>, while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects most commonly use git.</p>
<p>In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.</p></div> </div> <!-- Summary as feature cards --> <div class="mb-16" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h3 class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Key Principles
</h3> <div class="spec-content prose-spec" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><ul>
<li>The "master" branch is the mainline branch with latest changes, and must not
be broken.</li>
<li>Changes (features, bugfixes, etc.) are done on "change branches" created from
the master branch.</li>
<li>Rebase change branches <a href="https://i.imgur.com/1RS8x2d.png">early and often</a>.</li>
<li>When a change branch is stable and ready, it is merged back in to master.</li>
<li>A release is just a git tag who's name is the exact release version string
(e.g. "2.11.4").</li>
<li>Release branches can be used to avoid change freezes on master. They are not
required, instead they are available if you need them.</li>
</ul></div> </div> <!-- Author & License --> <div class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
Author
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p>The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by <a href="https://jimeh.me/">Jim Myhrberg</a>.</p>
<p>If you'd like to leave feedback,
please <a href="https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues">open an issue on GitHub</a>.</p></div> </div> <div data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w> <h4 class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w>
License
</h4> <div class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-x2lc2h5w><p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons - CC BY 4.0</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Section header --> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>The Specification</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p> </div> <!-- Content with sidebar --> <div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <!-- Sidebar --> <div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <aside id="spec-sidebar" class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
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On This Page
</div> <a href="#introduction" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="introduction" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Introduction </a><a href="#summary" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="summary" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Summary </a><a href="#terminology" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="terminology" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Terminology </a><a href="#specification" class="sidebar-link " data-sidebar-link data-section-id="specification" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Specification </a><a href="#spec-tldr" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-tldr" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> TL;DR </a><a href="#spec-the-master-branch" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-the-master-branch" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> The Master Branch </a><a href="#spec-change-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-change-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Change Branches </a><a href="#spec-pull-requests" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-pull-requests" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Pull Requests </a><a href="#spec-versioning" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-versioning" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Versioning </a><a href="#spec-releases" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-releases" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Releases </a><a href="#spec-short-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-short-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Short-Term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-long-term-release-branches" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-long-term-release-branches" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Long-term Release Branches </a><a href="#spec-bug-fixes-rollback" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-bug-fixes-rollback" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Bug Fixes &amp; Rollback </a><a href="#spec-git-best-practices" class="sidebar-link sidebar-link-sub" data-sidebar-link data-section-id="spec-git-best-practices" data-astro-cid-lfaoh65k> Git Best Practices </a> </nav> </aside> <!-- Mobile floating button --> <button id="spec-toc-toggle" class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
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<li><strong>Master Branch</strong> - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.</li>
<li><strong>Change Branches</strong> - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.</li>
<li><strong>Source Branch</strong> - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.</li>
<li><strong>Merge Target</strong> - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.</li>
<li><strong>Pull Request</strong> - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.</li>
<li><strong>Release</strong> - May be considered safe to use in production environments. Is
effectively just a git tag named after the version of the release.</li>
<li><strong>Release Branches</strong> - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.</li>
</ul> </section> <!-- Main specification --> <section id="specification" data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv> <h2 data-astro-cid-6lwcykzv>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2> <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p>
<ol>
<li>TL;DR
<ol>
<li>Do not break the master branch.</li>
<li>A release is a git tag.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>The Master Branch
<ol>
<li>A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".</li>
<li>The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.</li>
<li>The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.</li>
<li>The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Change Branches
<ol>
<li>Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches".</li>
<li>All change branches MUST have descriptive names.</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and that you try and
keep the commits reasonably structured to avoid a messy and confusing git
history.</li>
<li>You SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named branch on the
remote server.</li>
<li>You SHOULD create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You SHOULD NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.</li>
<li>When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.</li>
<li>Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.</li>
<li>After updating a change branch from its source branch you MUST push the
change branch to the remote server. Due to the nature of rebasing, you
will be required to do a force push, and you MUST use the
"--force-with-lease" git push option when doing so instead of the regular
"--force".</li>
<li>If there is a truly valid technical reason to not use rebase when
updating change branches, then you can update change branches via merge
instead of rebase. The decision to use merge MUST only be taken after all
possible options to use rebase have been tried and failed. People not
understanding how to use rebase is NOT a valid reason to use merge. If
you do decide to use merge instead of rebase, you MUST NOT use a mixture
of both methods, pick one and stick to it.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Pull Requests
<ol>
<li>To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent).</li>
<li>The purpose of a pull request is to allow others to review your changes
and give feedback. You can then fix any issues, complaints, and more that
might arise, and then let people review again.</li>
<li>Before creating a pull request, it is RECOMMENDED that you consider the
state of your change branch's commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with "git rebase
-i" to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
reviewers.</li>
<li>A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.</li>
<li>To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, it is RECOMMENDED you create a pull request and discuss the
changes with others there. This leaves a clear and visible history of
how, when, and why the code looks and behaves the way it does.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Versioning
<ol>
<li>A "version string" is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
specific version of a project. The version string itself MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a "v" prefix to
indicate it is a version that is being referred to.</li>
<li>The source of truth for a project's version MUST be a git tag with a name
based on the version string. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED to also keep the version string
hard-coded somewhere in the project code-base.</li>
<li>If you hard-code the version string into the code-base, it is RECOMMENDED
that you do so in a file called "VERSION" located in the root of the
project. But be mindful of the conventions of your programming language
and community when choosing if, where and how to hard-code the version
string.</li>
<li>If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this file
MUST only contain the exact version string, meaning it MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.</li>
<li>It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED that that the version string follows
Semantic Versioning (<a href="http://semver.org/">http://semver.org/</a>).</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Releases
<ol>
<li>To create a new release, you MUST create a git tag named as the exact
version string of the release. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".</li>
<li>The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with "v". For example the
tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a "v" prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of "v"
prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form and stick to it.</li>
<li>If the version string is hard-coded into the code-base, you MUST create a
"version bump" commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
project.</li>
<li>When using version bump commits, the release tag MUST be placed on the
version bump commit.</li>
<li>If you are not using a release branch, then the release tag, and if
relevant the version bump commit, MUST be created directly on the master
branch.</li>
<li>The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of "Bump
version to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4",
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: "Bump version to
2.11.4"</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.</li>
<li>If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation
SHOULD read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read "Release 2.11.4". The second line
MUST be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Short-Term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".</li>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "short-term release branch".</li>
<li>Use of short-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended to be used
to create a specific versioned release.</li>
<li>A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.</li>
<li>Short-term release branches MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For
example for version "2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be
"release-2.11.4".</li>
<li>When using a short-term release branch to create a release, the release
tag and if used, version bump commit, MUST be placed directly on the
short-term release branch itself.</li>
<li>Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master branch,
and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it on top of the
master branch the same way a change branch pulls in updates from its
source branch.</li>
<li>After a release tag has been created, the release branch MUST be merged
back into its source branch and then deleted. Typically the source branch
will be the master branch.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Long-term Release Branches
<ol>
<li>Any release branch which has a name ending with a non-specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "long-term release branch". For example
"release-2.11" is a long-term release branch, while "release-2.11.4" is a
short-term release branch.</li>
<li>Use of long-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended for work on
versions which are not currently part of the master branch. Typically
this is useful when you need to create a new maintenance release for a
older version.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch MUST have a name with a non-specific version
number. For example a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x
releases MUST be named "release-2.9".</li>
<li>Long-term release branches for maintenance releases of older versions
MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For example if the master
branch is on version 2.11.4 and there is a security fix for all 2.9.x
releases, the latest of which is "2.9.7". Create a new branch called
"release-2.9" from the "2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will
then end up being version "2.9.8".</li>
<li>To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST follow
the same process as a release from the master branch, except the
long-term release branch takes the place of the master branch.</li>
<li>A long-term release branch should be treated with the same respect as the
master branch. It is effectively the master branch for the release series
in question. Meaning it MUST always be in a non-broken state, MUST NOT be
force pushed to, etc.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Bug Fixes &#x26; Rollback
<ol>
<li>You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch or
to long-term release branches.</li>
<li>If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.</li>
<li>If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Git Best Practices
<ol>
<li>All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" or "git add -p" to add individual
changes to the staging area so you are fully aware of what you are
committing.</li>
<li>You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<a href="https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/">https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/</a></li>
<li>You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing</a></li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".</li>
<li>It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="section-container" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <!-- Section header --> <div class="mb-12 text-center" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>FAQ</h2> <p class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
</p> </div> <!-- FAQ Items --> <div class="space-y-0" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn't
really change much:</p>
<ul>
<li>You create change branches instead of feature branches, without the need of a
"feature/" or "change/" prefix in the branch name.</li>
<li>Change branches are typically created from and merged back into "master"
instead of "develop".</li>
<li>Creating a release is done by simply creating a git tag, typically on the
master branch.</li>
</ul>
<p>In detail, the main differences between Git Flow and Common-Flow are:</p>
<ul>
<li>There is no "develop" branch, there is only a "master" branch which contains
the latest work. In Git Flow the master branch effectively ends up just being
a pointer to the latest release, despite the fact that Git Flow includes
release tags too. In Common-Flow you just look at the tags to find the latest
release.</li>
<li>There are no "feature" or "hotfix" branches, there's only "change"
branches. Any branch that is not master and introduces changes is a change
branch. Change branches also don't have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a "descriptive name". This makes things simpler and allows
more flexibility.</li>
<li>Release branches are available, but optional. Instead of enforcing the use of
release branches like Git Flow, Common-Flow only recommends the use of release
branches when it makes things easier. If creating a new release by tagging
"master" works for you, great, do that.</li>
</ul></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a "Release" concept
that uses tags. It also attempts to define how certain common tasks are done,
like updating change/feature branches from their source branches for
example. This is to help end arguments about how such things are done.</p>
<p>If a deployment/release for you is just getting the latest code in the master
branch out, without caring about bumping version numbers or anything, then
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don't need the extras of
Common-Flow.</p>
<p>However if your deployments/releases have specific version numbers, then
Common-Flow gives you a simple set of rules of how to create and manage
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>What does &quot;descriptive name&quot; mean for change branches?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch's purpose
is and what it does. Here's a few examples:</p>
<ul>
<li>add-2fa-support</li>
<li>fix-login-issue</li>
<li>remove-sort-by-middle-name-functionality</li>
<li>update-font-awesome</li>
<li>change-search-behavior</li>
<li>improve-pagination-performance</li>
<li>tweak-footer-style</li>
</ul>
<p>Notice how none of these have any prefixes like "feature/" or "hotfix/", they're
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there's nothing
to say you can't use such prefixes if you want.</p>
<p>You can also add ticket numbers to the branch name if your team/org has that as
part of it's process. But it is recommended that ticket numbers are added to the
end of the branch name. The ticket number is essentially metadata, so put it at
the end and out of the way of humans trying to read the descriptive name from
left to right.</p></div> </div><div class="faq-item" data-faq-item data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <button class="faq-question" aria-expanded="false" data-faq-trigger data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <span class="pr-4" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx>How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?</span> <svg class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-faq-icon data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7" data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx></path> </svg> </button> <div class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content" data-faq-content data-astro-cid-hqz3ghsx><p>This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Review why the master branch is broken and revert the changes that caused the
issues. Then apply the hotfix and release.</li>
<li>Or use a short-term release branch created from the latest release tag instead
of the master branch. Apply the hotfix to the release branch, create a release
tag on the release branch, and then merge it back into master.</li>
</ul>
<p>In this situation, it is recommended you try to revert the offending changes
that's preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you're short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let's you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <script type="module">function s(){const r=document.querySelectorAll("[data-faq-item]");r.forEach(t=>{const e=t.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),o=t.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),i=t.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");!e||!o||!i||e.addEventListener("click",()=>{const c=e.getAttribute("aria-expanded")==="true";r.forEach(a=>{if(a!==t){const d=a.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]"),l=a.querySelector("[data-faq-content]"),f=a.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");d?.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),l?.classList.add("hidden"),f?.classList.remove("rotate-180")}}),e.setAttribute("aria-expanded",c?"false":"true"),o.classList.toggle("hidden",c),i.classList.toggle("rotate-180",!c)})});const n=r[0]?.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]");n&&n.click()}s();document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",s);</script> </main> <footer class="py-8 text-center text-sm
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Git Common-Flow is authored by
<a href="https://jimeh.me/" class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
Jim Myhrberg
</a> </p> <p class="mt-2"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
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---
title: Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.1
version: 1.0.0-rc.1
---
Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.1
==============================
<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.1.svg" width="100%" />
Summary
-------
Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the [original variant](http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html)
of [GitHub Flow](https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/), while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.
TL;DR: Common-Flow is basically GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, maintenance releases for old versions, and without the requirement to
deploy to production all the time.
Terminology
-----------
- **Master Branch** - Must always have passing tests, is considered bleeding
edge, and must be named `master`.
- **Change Branches** - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.
- **Source Branch** - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.
- **Merge Target** - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.
- **Maintenance Branches** - Used for maintaining old versions and releasing
PATCH updates when the master branch has moved on. Should follow a
`stable-X.Y` naming pattern, where `X` is MAJOR version and `Y` is MINOR
version.
- **Pull Request** - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.
- **Release** - Consists of a version bump commit directly on the master branch,
and a git tag named according to the new version string placed on said commit.
- **Maintenance Release** - Just like a regular release, except the version bump
commit and release tag are on a maintenance branch instead of the master
branch.
Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)
-------------------------------------------
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119).
1. The Master Branch
1. A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".
2. The master branch MUST be considered bleeding edge.
3. The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.
4. The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possible ready for
release/production" state to reduce the friction of creating a new
release.
2. Changes
1. Changes MUST be performed on a separate branch that SHOULD be referred to
as a "change branch". All change branches MUST have descriptive names. It
is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and you SHOULD regularly
push your work to the same named branch on the remote server.
2. When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target branch", typically this will be the same
as the source branch.
3. Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch. To be clear you MUST NOT merge a source branch into a
change branch.
4. After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you do a force
push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.
5. To merge a change branch into its merge target branch, you MUST open a
"pull request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your
changes.
6. A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.
7. To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, it is RECOMMENDED you do this by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.
3. Git Best Practices
1. All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project>
2. You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
plain "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/>
3. You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing>
4. It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".
5. It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the commits,
allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit, and creates
a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with master.
4. Versioning
1. The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.
2. If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.
3. The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<http://semver.org/>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.
5. Releases
1. To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit directly
on the master branch which changes the hard-coded version value of the
project. The version bump commit MUST have a git tag created on it and
named as the exact version string.
2. A version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"
3. The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4".
4. It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.
5. If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.
6. Bug Fixes & Rollback
1. You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch.
2. If a change branch which has been merged in to the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.
3. If a change branch is wrongfully merged in to master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.
7. Maintenance Releases
1. Any branch that has a name starting with "stable-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "maintenance branch".
2. Maintenance branches are used for managing new releases of older
versions. Typically this is used to provide security updates for older
versions when the master branch has moved on to a point that a new
release for the old version cannot be made from the master branch.
3. A "maintenance release" is identical to a regular release, except the
version bump commit and the release tag are placed on the maintenance
branch instead of on the master branch.
3. A maintenance branch SHOULD follow a "stable-X.Y" naming pattern, where
"X" is the MAJOR version and "Y" is the minor version.
4. A maintenance branch MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For
example if there is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of
which is "2.9.7", we create a new branch called "stable-2.9" off of the
"2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will then end up being
version "2.9.8".
5. When working on a maintenance release, the relevant maintenance branch
MUST be thought of as the master branch for that maintenance work.
6. Changes in a maintenance branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
downwards from the master branch. If a change needs to trickle back up
into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place.
About
-----
The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by [Jim Myhrberg](http://jimeh.me).
If you'd like to leave feedback,
please [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues).
License
-------
[Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)

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(function (window, document) {
var layout = document.getElementById('layout'),
menu = document.getElementById('menu'),
menuLink = document.getElementById('menuLink'),
content = document.getElementById('main');
function toggleClass(element, className) {
var classes = element.className.split(/\s+/),
length = classes.length,
i = 0;
for(; i < length; i++) {
if (classes[i] === className) {
classes.splice(i, 1);
break;
}
}
// The className is not found
if (length === classes.length) {
classes.push(className);
}
element.className = classes.join(' ');
}
function toggleAll(e) {
var active = 'active';
e.preventDefault();
toggleClass(layout, active);
toggleClass(menu, active);
toggleClass(menuLink, active);
}
menuLink.onclick = function (e) {
toggleAll(e);
};
content.onclick = function(e) {
if (menu.className.indexOf('active') !== -1) {
toggleAll(e);
}
};
}(this, this.document));

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{
"name": "commonflow-org",
"type": "module",
"version": "0.0.1",
"scripts": {
"dev": "astro dev",
"build": "astro build",
"preview": "astro preview",
"update": "bun scripts/update-specs.ts",
"astro": "astro"
},
"dependencies": {
"@astrojs/sitemap": "^3.6.1",
"astro": "^5.16.8",
"rehype-stringify": "^10.0.1",
"remark-parse": "^11.0.0",
"remark-rehype": "^11.1.2",
"unified": "^11.0.5"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@tailwindcss/typography": "^0.5.19",
"@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.18",
"tailwindcss": "^4.1.18",
"typescript": "^5.9.3"
}
}

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/**
* Fetches spec documents and diagrams from the common-flow GitHub repo
* and writes them to the appropriate locations for Astro to consume.
*
* Equivalent to the Jekyll Rakefile's `rake update` task.
*/
import * as fs from "node:fs";
import * as path from "node:path";
const config = {
currentVersion: "1.0.0-rc.5",
versions: [
"1.0.0-rc.5",
"1.0.0-rc.4",
"1.0.0-rc.3",
"1.0.0-rc.2",
"1.0.0-rc.1",
],
update: {
urlTemplate:
"https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/raw/{{version}}/{{file}}",
bodyTemplate: `---
title: {{title}}
version: {{version}}
---
{{content}}`,
imgTemplate:
'<img src="/spec/{{file}}" alt="{{title}} diagram" width="100%" />',
outputDir: "src/content/spec",
publicDir: "public/spec",
files: {
document: "common-flow.md",
diagram: "common-flow.svg",
},
},
};
function buildFileUrl(
fileType: "document" | "diagram",
version: string
): string {
const file = config.update.files[fileType];
return config.update.urlTemplate
.replace("{{version}}", version)
.replace("{{file}}", file);
}
async function fetchFile(url: string): Promise<string | null> {
try {
const response = await fetch(url);
if (!response.ok) {
return null;
}
return await response.text();
} catch {
return null;
}
}
function writeFile(filePath: string, content: string, comment = ""): void {
const dir = path.dirname(filePath);
if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) {
fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
}
fs.writeFileSync(filePath, content);
console.log(` - ${filePath}${comment}`);
}
function removeAllSpecs(): void {
console.log("\nRemoving existing spec files:");
for (const dir of [config.update.outputDir, config.update.publicDir]) {
if (fs.existsSync(dir)) {
const files = fs.readdirSync(dir);
for (const file of files) {
const filePath = path.join(dir, file);
fs.unlinkSync(filePath);
console.log(` ${filePath}`);
}
}
}
}
interface Spec {
version: string;
title: string;
body: string;
diagram: string | null;
}
async function fetchSpec(version: string): Promise<Spec> {
const documentUrl = buildFileUrl("document", version);
const diagramUrl = buildFileUrl("diagram", version);
let document = await fetchFile(documentUrl);
const diagram = await fetchFile(diagramUrl);
if (!document) {
throw new Error(`Failed to fetch document for version ${version}`);
}
// Replace {{version}} placeholder throughout the document
document = document.replaceAll("{{version}}", version);
// Extract title from first line (after version replacement)
const title = document.split("\n", 1)[0];
// If diagram exists, inject image tag after the title
if (diagram) {
const imgTag = config.update.imgTemplate
.replace("{{file}}", `${version}.svg`)
.replace("{{title}}", title);
document = document.replace(/^(.*\n=+\n)/, `$1\n${imgTag}\n`);
}
// Build body with frontmatter
const body = config.update.bodyTemplate
.replace("{{content}}", document)
.replace("{{title}}", title)
.replace("{{version}}", version);
return {
version,
title,
body,
diagram,
};
}
async function main(): Promise<void> {
removeAllSpecs();
console.log("\nFetching configured spec versions:");
for (const version of config.versions) {
try {
const spec = await fetchSpec(version);
// Write markdown file to content collection
const mdPath = path.join(config.update.outputDir, `${version}.md`);
writeFile(mdPath, spec.body);
// Write SVG diagram to public directory
if (spec.diagram) {
const svgPath = path.join(config.update.publicDir, `${version}.svg`);
writeFile(svgPath, spec.diagram);
}
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Error processing version ${version}:`, error);
}
}
console.log("\nDone! Run `bun run build` to rebuild the site.");
}
main();

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---
interface Props {
introduction: string;
summary: string;
about: string;
license: string;
}
const { introduction, summary, about, license } = Astro.props;
---
<section id="about" class="py-20 sm:py-28">
<div class="section-container">
<div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto">
<!-- Section header -->
<div class="mb-12 text-center">
<h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4">About Common-Flow</h2>
<p
class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]"
>
A practical git workflow that combines the best of GitHub Flow with
versioned releases
</p>
</div>
<!-- Introduction -->
<div class="prose-spec mb-12">
<div class="spec-content" set:html={introduction} />
</div>
<!-- Summary as feature cards -->
<div class="mb-16">
<h3
class="text-xl font-display font-semibold mb-6
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]"
>
Key Principles
</h3>
<div class="spec-content prose-spec" set:html={summary} />
</div>
<!-- Author & License -->
<div
class="pt-8 border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]"
>
<div class="grid sm:grid-cols-2 gap-8">
<div>
<h4
class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]"
>
Author
</h4>
<div
class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]"
set:html={about}
/>
</div>
<div>
<h4
class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-3
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]"
>
License
</h4>
<div
class="spec-content text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]"
set:html={license}
/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<style>
.spec-content :global(p:last-child) {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.spec-content :global(a) {
color: var(--color-accent);
}
.spec-content :global(a:hover) {
color: var(--color-accent-light);
}
</style>

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@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
---
import type { FAQItem } from "../utils/parseSpecContent";
interface Props {
items: FAQItem[];
}
const { items } = Astro.props;
---
<section id="faq" class="faq-section py-20 sm:py-28">
<div class="section-container">
<div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto">
<!-- Section header -->
<div class="mb-12 text-center">
<h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4">FAQ</h2>
<p
class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]"
>
Common questions about Git Common-Flow
</p>
</div>
<!-- FAQ Items -->
<div class="space-y-0">
{
items.map((item, index) => (
<div class="faq-item" data-faq-item>
<button
class="faq-question"
aria-expanded="false"
data-faq-trigger
>
<span class="pr-4">{item.question}</span>
<svg
class="w-5 h-5 flex-shrink-0 transition-transform duration-200"
fill="none"
stroke="currentColor"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
data-faq-icon
>
<path
stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
stroke-width="2"
d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7"
/>
</svg>
</button>
<div
class="faq-answer hidden prose-spec spec-content"
data-faq-content
set:html={item.answer}
/>
</div>
))
}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<script>
function initFAQ() {
const items = document.querySelectorAll("[data-faq-item]");
items.forEach((item) => {
const trigger = item.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]");
const content = item.querySelector("[data-faq-content]");
const icon = item.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");
if (!trigger || !content || !icon) return;
trigger.addEventListener("click", () => {
const isExpanded = trigger.getAttribute("aria-expanded") === "true";
// Close all other items
items.forEach((otherItem) => {
if (otherItem !== item) {
const otherTrigger = otherItem.querySelector("[data-faq-trigger]");
const otherContent = otherItem.querySelector("[data-faq-content]");
const otherIcon = otherItem.querySelector("[data-faq-icon]");
otherTrigger?.setAttribute("aria-expanded", "false");
otherContent?.classList.add("hidden");
otherIcon?.classList.remove("rotate-180");
}
});
// Toggle current item
trigger.setAttribute("aria-expanded", isExpanded ? "false" : "true");
content.classList.toggle("hidden", isExpanded);
icon.classList.toggle("rotate-180", !isExpanded);
});
});
// Open first item by default
const firstTrigger = items[0]?.querySelector(
"[data-faq-trigger]"
) as HTMLButtonElement;
if (firstTrigger) {
firstTrigger.click();
}
}
// Initialize on load
initFAQ();
// Re-initialize on Astro page transitions
document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap", initFAQ);
</script>
<style>
.faq-section {
background-color: var(--color-bg-secondary);
}
:global(.dark) .faq-section {
background-color: var(--color-dark-bg-secondary);
}
.spec-content :global(p:last-child) {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.spec-content :global(ul),
.spec-content :global(ol) {
margin-top: 1rem;
}
.spec-content :global(li) {
color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}
:global(.dark) .spec-content :global(li) {
color: var(--color-dark-text-secondary);
}
</style>

186
src/components/Header.astro Normal file
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---
import VersionSelector from "./VersionSelector.astro";
import ThemeToggle from "./ThemeToggle.astro";
import { config } from "../config";
interface Props {
version: string;
}
const { version } = Astro.props;
---
<header
id="site-header"
class="fixed top-0 inset-x-0 z-50 glass border-b border-transparent
translate-y-[-100%] transition-transform duration-300"
>
<div
class="max-w-6xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 h-16 flex items-center justify-between"
>
<!-- Logo / Title -->
<a
href="#hero"
class="header-title flex items-center gap-3 no-underline
hover:text-[var(--color-accent)] transition-colors"
>
<span class="font-display font-bold text-lg tracking-tight">
Git Common-Flow
</span>
</a>
<!-- Desktop Navigation -->
<nav class="hidden md:flex items-center gap-1">
<a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost text-sm">About</a>
<a href="#spec" class="btn btn-ghost text-sm">Spec</a>
<a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost text-sm">FAQ</a>
</nav>
<!-- Right side: Version, Theme, GitHub -->
<div class="flex items-center gap-3">
<VersionSelector
currentVersion={version}
versions={Array.from(config.versions)}
/>
<ThemeToggle />
<a
href={config.repoUrl}
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
class="p-2 rounded-lg text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]
hover:text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:hover:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]
hover:bg-[var(--color-bg-secondary)]
dark:hover:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
transition-colors"
aria-label="View on GitHub"
>
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<path
fill-rule="evenodd"
d="M12 2C6.477 2 2 6.484 2 12.017c0 4.425 2.865 8.18 6.839 9.504.5.092.682-.217.682-.483 0-.237-.008-.868-.013-1.703-2.782.605-3.369-1.343-3.369-1.343-.454-1.158-1.11-1.466-1.11-1.466-.908-.62.069-.608.069-.608 1.003.07 1.531 1.032 1.531 1.032.892 1.53 2.341 1.088 2.91.832.092-.647.35-1.088.636-1.338-2.22-.253-4.555-1.113-4.555-4.951 0-1.093.39-1.988 1.029-2.688-.103-.253-.446-1.272.098-2.65 0 0 .84-.27 2.75 1.026A9.564 9.564 0 0112 6.844c.85.004 1.705.115 2.504.337 1.909-1.296 2.747-1.027 2.747-1.027.546 1.379.202 2.398.1 2.651.64.7 1.028 1.595 1.028 2.688 0 3.848-2.339 4.695-4.566 4.943.359.309.678.92.678 1.855 0 1.338-.012 2.419-.012 2.747 0 .268.18.58.688.482A10.019 10.019 0 0022 12.017C22 6.484 17.522 2 12 2z"
clip-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</a>
<!-- Mobile menu button -->
<button
id="mobile-menu-btn"
class="md:hidden p-2 rounded-lg text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]
hover:bg-[var(--color-bg-secondary)]
dark:hover:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]"
aria-label="Toggle menu"
>
<svg
class="w-5 h-5"
fill="none"
stroke="currentColor"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
>
<path
stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
stroke-width="2"
d="M4 6h16M4 12h16M4 18h16"></path>
</svg>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Mobile Navigation -->
<nav
id="mobile-nav"
class="md:hidden hidden border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]"
>
<div class="px-4 py-3 space-y-1">
<a
href="#about"
class="block py-2 text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]
hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]"
>
About
</a>
<a
href="#spec"
class="block py-2 text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]
hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]"
>
Spec
</a>
<a
href="#faq"
class="block py-2 text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]
hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]"
>
FAQ
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<script>
function initHeader() {
const header = document.getElementById("site-header");
const hero = document.getElementById("hero");
const mobileMenuBtn = document.getElementById("mobile-menu-btn");
const mobileNav = document.getElementById("mobile-nav");
if (!header || !hero) return;
// Show/hide header based on scroll past hero
const observer = new IntersectionObserver(
([entry]) => {
if (entry.isIntersecting) {
header.classList.add("translate-y-[-100%]");
header.classList.remove("border-[var(--color-border)]");
header.classList.remove("dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]");
} else {
header.classList.remove("translate-y-[-100%]");
header.classList.add("border-[var(--color-border)]");
header.classList.add("dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]");
}
},
{ threshold: 0, rootMargin: "-64px 0px 0px 0px" }
);
observer.observe(hero);
// Mobile menu toggle
if (mobileMenuBtn && mobileNav) {
mobileMenuBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
mobileNav.classList.toggle("hidden");
});
// Close menu when clicking a link
mobileNav.querySelectorAll("a").forEach((link) => {
link.addEventListener("click", () => {
mobileNav.classList.add("hidden");
});
});
}
}
// Initialize on load
initHeader();
// Re-initialize on Astro page transitions
document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap", initHeader);
</script>
<style>
.header-title {
color: var(--color-text-primary);
}
:global(.dark) .header-title {
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
}
</style>

149
src/components/Hero.astro Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
---
import VersionSelector from "./VersionSelector.astro";
import ThemeToggle from "./ThemeToggle.astro";
import { config } from "../config";
interface Props {
version: string;
svgPath: string;
}
const { version, svgPath } = Astro.props;
---
<section
id="hero"
class="relative min-h-[75vh] flex flex-col items-center justify-center
px-6 py-16 overflow-hidden"
>
<!-- Background gradient/texture -->
<div
class="absolute inset-0 bg-gradient-to-b from-[var(--color-bg-secondary)]
to-[var(--color-bg-primary)]
dark:from-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
dark:to-[var(--color-dark-bg-primary)]"
>
</div>
<!-- Subtle grid pattern -->
<div
class="absolute inset-0 opacity-[0.03] dark:opacity-[0.05]"
style="background-image: linear-gradient(var(--color-text-primary) 1px, transparent 1px),
linear-gradient(90deg, var(--color-text-primary) 1px, transparent 1px);
background-size: 60px 60px;"
>
</div>
<!-- Top bar with version & theme -->
<div
class="absolute top-0 inset-x-0 flex items-center justify-between
px-6 py-4 animate-fade-in-down"
>
<div class="flex items-center gap-3">
<VersionSelector
currentVersion={version}
versions={Array.from(config.versions)}
/>
</div>
<div class="flex items-center gap-2">
<ThemeToggle />
<a
href={config.repoUrl}
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
class="p-2 rounded-lg text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]
hover:text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:hover:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]
hover:bg-white/50 dark:hover:bg-white/10
transition-colors"
aria-label="View on GitHub"
>
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<path
fill-rule="evenodd"
d="M12 2C6.477 2 2 6.484 2 12.017c0 4.425 2.865 8.18 6.839 9.504.5.092.682-.217.682-.483 0-.237-.008-.868-.013-1.703-2.782.605-3.369-1.343-3.369-1.343-.454-1.158-1.11-1.466-1.11-1.466-.908-.62.069-.608.069-.608 1.003.07 1.531 1.032 1.531 1.032.892 1.53 2.341 1.088 2.91.832.092-.647.35-1.088.636-1.338-2.22-.253-4.555-1.113-4.555-4.951 0-1.093.39-1.988 1.029-2.688-.103-.253-.446-1.272.098-2.65 0 0 .84-.27 2.75 1.026A9.564 9.564 0 0112 6.844c.85.004 1.705.115 2.504.337 1.909-1.296 2.747-1.027 2.747-1.027.546 1.379.202 2.398.1 2.651.64.7 1.028 1.595 1.028 2.688 0 3.848-2.339 4.695-4.566 4.943.359.309.678.92.678 1.855 0 1.338-.012 2.419-.012 2.747 0 .268.18.58.688.482A10.019 10.019 0 0022 12.017C22 6.484 17.522 2 12 2z"
clip-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Main content -->
<div class="relative z-10 w-full max-w-4xl mx-auto text-center">
<!-- Title -->
<h1
class="animate-fade-in-up mb-4
text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]"
>
Git Common-Flow
</h1>
<!-- Tagline -->
<p
class="animate-fade-in-up delay-100
text-lg sm:text-xl max-w-2xl mx-auto mb-8
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]"
>
A sensible git workflow for teams who ship
</p>
<!-- Version badge -->
<div class="animate-fade-in-up delay-200 mb-10">
<span class="version-badge">v{version}</span>
</div>
<!-- SVG Diagram -->
<div
class="animate-fade-in-up delay-300
relative mx-auto mb-12 p-4 sm:p-8
bg-white dark:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
rounded-2xl shadow-lg dark:shadow-none
border border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]"
>
<img
src={svgPath}
alt="Git Common-Flow diagram"
class="w-full h-auto max-w-3xl mx-auto
dark:invert dark:hue-rotate-180 dark:contrast-90"
/>
</div>
<!-- Navigation links -->
<nav
class="animate-fade-in-up delay-400
flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-4"
>
<a href="#about" class="btn btn-ghost">About</a>
<a href="#spec" class="btn btn-primary">Read the Spec</a>
<a href="#faq" class="btn btn-ghost">FAQ</a>
</nav>
</div>
<!-- Scroll indicator -->
<a
href="#about"
class="absolute bottom-8 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2
animate-fade-in delay-700
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]
hover:text-[var(--color-accent)] transition-colors"
aria-label="Scroll to content"
>
<svg
class="w-6 h-6 animate-bounce-subtle"
fill="none"
stroke="currentColor"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
>
<path
stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
stroke-width="2"
d="M19 14l-7 7m0 0l-7-7m7 7V3"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</section>

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
---
import SpecSidebar from "./SpecSidebar.astro";
import type { TocItem } from "../utils/parseSpecContent";
interface Props {
terminology: string;
specification: string;
tocItems: TocItem[];
}
const { terminology, specification, tocItems } = Astro.props;
---
<section id="spec" class="py-20 sm:py-28">
<div class="section-container">
<!-- Section header -->
<div class="max-w-3xl mx-auto mb-12 text-center">
<h2 class="text-3xl sm:text-4xl mb-4">The Specification</h2>
<p
class="text-lg text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]"
>
The complete Git Common-Flow specification
</p>
</div>
<!-- Content with sidebar -->
<div class="lg:flex lg:gap-8">
<!-- Sidebar -->
<div class="lg:w-64 lg:flex-shrink-0">
<SpecSidebar items={tocItems} />
</div>
<!-- Main content -->
<div class="flex-1 min-w-0">
<article class="prose-spec spec-content">
<!-- Terminology -->
<section id="terminology">
<h2>Terminology</h2>
<Fragment set:html={terminology} />
</section>
<!-- Main specification -->
<section id="specification">
<h2>Git Common-Flow Specification</h2>
<Fragment set:html={specification} />
</section>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<style>
.spec-content {
max-width: var(--content-max-width);
}
.spec-content :global(h2) {
font-family: var(--font-display);
font-size: 1.75rem;
font-weight: 700;
margin-top: 3rem;
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
color: var(--color-text-primary);
scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 2rem);
}
:global(.dark) .spec-content :global(h2) {
border-bottom-color: var(--color-dark-border);
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
}
.spec-content :global(h2:first-child) {
margin-top: 0;
}
.spec-content :global(h3) {
font-family: var(--font-display);
font-size: 1.25rem;
font-weight: 600;
margin-top: 2rem;
margin-bottom: 1rem;
color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}
:global(.dark) .spec-content :global(h3) {
color: var(--color-dark-text-secondary);
}
.spec-content :global(p) {
margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}
:global(.dark) .spec-content :global(p) {
color: var(--color-dark-text-secondary);
}
.spec-content :global(strong) {
color: var(--color-text-primary);
font-weight: 600;
}
:global(.dark) .spec-content :global(strong) {
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
}
.spec-content :global(ul) {
margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
padding-left: 1.5rem;
}
.spec-content :global(ol) {
margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
padding-left: 2.5rem;
counter-reset: item;
list-style: none;
}
.spec-content :global(ol > li) {
counter-increment: item;
position: relative;
}
.spec-content :global(ol > li::before) {
content: counters(item, ".") ".";
position: absolute;
left: -2.5rem;
width: 2rem;
text-align: right;
font-weight: 500;
color: var(--color-text-muted);
}
:global(.dark) .spec-content :global(ol > li::before) {
color: var(--color-dark-text-muted);
}
.spec-content :global(li) {
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}
:global(.dark) .spec-content :global(li) {
color: var(--color-dark-text-secondary);
}
.spec-content :global(a) {
color: var(--color-accent);
text-decoration: none;
transition: color 150ms ease;
}
.spec-content :global(a:hover) {
color: var(--color-accent-light);
}
.spec-content :global(blockquote) {
border-left: 3px solid var(--color-accent);
padding-left: 1.5rem;
margin: 1.5rem 0;
color: var(--color-text-muted);
font-style: italic;
}
:global(.dark) .spec-content :global(blockquote) {
color: var(--color-dark-text-muted);
}
.spec-content :global(img) {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
border-radius: 8px;
margin: 2rem 0;
}
</style>

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
---
import type { TocItem } from "../utils/parseSpecContent";
interface Props {
items: TocItem[];
}
const { items } = Astro.props;
---
<aside
id="spec-sidebar"
class="hidden lg:block lg:sticky lg:top-24 lg:self-start
lg:max-h-[calc(100vh-8rem)] lg:overflow-y-auto
lg:pr-8 lg:mr-8 lg:border-r border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]"
>
<nav class="space-y-1 py-2">
<div
class="text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider mb-4
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]"
>
On This Page
</div>
{
items.map((item) => (
<a
href={`#${item.id}`}
class={`sidebar-link ${item.level === 3 ? "sidebar-link-sub" : ""}`}
data-sidebar-link
data-section-id={item.id}
>
{item.title}
</a>
))
}
</nav>
</aside>
<!-- Mobile floating button -->
<button
id="spec-toc-toggle"
class="lg:hidden fixed bottom-6 right-6 z-40
w-12 h-12 rounded-full shadow-lg
bg-[var(--color-accent)] text-white
flex items-center justify-center
hover:bg-[var(--color-accent-light)]
transition-all duration-200"
aria-label="Jump to section"
>
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<path
stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
stroke-width="2"
d="M4 6h16M4 12h16M4 18h7"></path>
</svg>
</button>
<!-- Mobile TOC drawer -->
<div
id="spec-toc-drawer"
class="lg:hidden fixed inset-0 z-50 hidden"
data-toc-drawer
>
<!-- Backdrop -->
<div class="absolute inset-0 bg-black/50" data-toc-backdrop></div>
<!-- Drawer -->
<div
class="absolute bottom-0 inset-x-0 max-h-[70vh] overflow-y-auto
bg-[var(--color-bg-primary)] dark:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-primary)]
rounded-t-2xl shadow-xl p-6"
>
<div class="flex items-center justify-between mb-4">
<span
class="text-sm font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]"
>
Jump to Section
</span>
<button
class="p-2 rounded-lg hover:bg-[var(--color-bg-secondary)]
dark:hover:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]"
data-toc-close
aria-label="Close"
>
<svg
class="w-5 h-5"
fill="none"
stroke="currentColor"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
>
<path
stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
stroke-width="2"
d="M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12"></path>
</svg>
</button>
</div>
<nav class="space-y-1">
{
items.map((item) => (
<a
href={`#${item.id}`}
class={`sidebar-link ${item.level === 3 ? "sidebar-link-sub" : ""}`}
data-toc-link
>
{item.title}
</a>
))
}
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function initSpecSidebar() {
// Active section tracking
const sidebarLinks = document.querySelectorAll("[data-sidebar-link]");
const sections = new Map<string, Element>();
sidebarLinks.forEach((link) => {
const id = link.getAttribute("data-section-id");
if (id) {
const section = document.getElementById(id);
if (section) {
sections.set(id, section);
}
}
});
// Intersection Observer for active state
const observer = new IntersectionObserver(
(entries) => {
entries.forEach((entry) => {
if (entry.isIntersecting) {
const id = entry.target.getAttribute("id");
sidebarLinks.forEach((link) => {
const linkId = link.getAttribute("data-section-id");
link.classList.toggle("active", linkId === id);
});
}
});
},
{
rootMargin: "-20% 0% -60% 0%",
threshold: 0,
}
);
sections.forEach((section) => observer.observe(section));
// Mobile TOC drawer
const toggleBtn = document.getElementById("spec-toc-toggle");
const drawer = document.getElementById("spec-toc-drawer");
const backdrop = drawer?.querySelector("[data-toc-backdrop]");
const closeBtn = drawer?.querySelector("[data-toc-close]");
const tocLinks = drawer?.querySelectorAll("[data-toc-link]");
function openDrawer() {
drawer?.classList.remove("hidden");
document.body.style.overflow = "hidden";
}
function closeDrawer() {
drawer?.classList.add("hidden");
document.body.style.overflow = "";
}
toggleBtn?.addEventListener("click", openDrawer);
backdrop?.addEventListener("click", closeDrawer);
closeBtn?.addEventListener("click", closeDrawer);
tocLinks?.forEach((link) => {
link.addEventListener("click", closeDrawer);
});
// Show/hide mobile toggle based on spec section visibility
const specSection = document.getElementById("spec");
if (specSection && toggleBtn) {
const specObserver = new IntersectionObserver(
([entry]) => {
toggleBtn.classList.toggle("hidden", !entry.isIntersecting);
},
{ threshold: 0 }
);
specObserver.observe(specSection);
}
}
// Initialize on load
initSpecSidebar();
// Re-initialize on Astro page transitions
document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap", initSpecSidebar);
</script>
<style>
#spec-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 4px;
}
#spec-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
background: transparent;
}
#spec-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
background: var(--color-border);
border-radius: 2px;
}
:global(.dark) #spec-sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
background: var(--color-dark-border);
}
</style>

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
---
// Theme toggle component - sun/moon icon to switch between light and dark mode
---
<button
data-theme-toggle
type="button"
class="p-2 rounded-lg text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]
hover:text-[var(--color-text-primary)]
dark:hover:text-[var(--color-dark-text-primary)]
hover:bg-[var(--color-bg-secondary)]
dark:hover:bg-[var(--color-dark-bg-secondary)]
transition-colors duration-200"
aria-label="Toggle dark mode"
>
<!-- Sun icon (shown in dark mode) -->
<svg
data-sun-icon
class="hidden w-5 h-5"
fill="none"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
stroke="currentColor"
stroke-width="2"
>
<path
stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
d="M12 3v1m0 16v1m9-9h-1M4 12H3m15.364 6.364l-.707-.707M6.343
6.343l-.707-.707m12.728 0l-.707.707M6.343 17.657l-.707.707M16
12a4 4 0 11-8 0 4 4 0 018 0z"></path>
</svg>
<!-- Moon icon (shown in light mode) -->
<svg
data-moon-icon
class="w-5 h-5"
fill="none"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
stroke="currentColor"
stroke-width="2"
>
<path
stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
d="M20.354 15.354A9 9 0 018.646 3.646 9.003 9.003 0 0012 21a9.003
9.003 0 008.354-5.646z"></path>
</svg>
</button>
<script>
function initTheme() {
const toggles = document.querySelectorAll(
"[data-theme-toggle]"
) as NodeListOf<HTMLButtonElement>;
function getTheme(): "dark" | "light" {
const stored = localStorage.getItem("theme");
if (stored === "dark" || stored === "light") {
return stored;
}
return window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches
? "dark"
: "light";
}
function updateAllIcons(isDark: boolean) {
// Update all sun/moon icons on the page
document.querySelectorAll("[data-sun-icon]").forEach((icon) => {
icon.classList.toggle("hidden", !isDark);
});
document.querySelectorAll("[data-moon-icon]").forEach((icon) => {
icon.classList.toggle("hidden", isDark);
});
}
function setTheme(theme: "dark" | "light") {
localStorage.setItem("theme", theme);
document.documentElement.classList.toggle("dark", theme === "dark");
updateAllIcons(theme === "dark");
}
// Initialize theme
const currentTheme = getTheme();
setTheme(currentTheme);
// Attach click handlers to all toggle buttons
toggles.forEach((toggle) => {
// Avoid adding duplicate listeners
if (toggle.dataset.initialized) return;
toggle.dataset.initialized = "true";
toggle.addEventListener("click", () => {
const isDark = document.documentElement.classList.contains("dark");
setTheme(isDark ? "light" : "dark");
});
});
// Listen for system preference changes
window
.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)")
.addEventListener("change", (e) => {
if (!localStorage.getItem("theme")) {
setTheme(e.matches ? "dark" : "light");
}
});
}
// Run on initial load
initTheme();
// Re-run on Astro page transitions
document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap", initTheme);
</script>

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
---
interface Props {
currentVersion: string;
versions: string[];
}
const { currentVersion, versions } = Astro.props;
---
<div class="version-selector relative">
<select
data-version-select
class="appearance-none bg-transparent border border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)] rounded-lg px-3 py-1.5
pr-8 text-sm font-mono cursor-pointer
text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]
hover:border-[var(--color-accent)]
focus:border-[var(--color-accent)]
focus:outline-none transition-colors"
>
{
versions.map((v) => (
<option value={v} selected={v === currentVersion}>
v{v}
</option>
))
}
</select>
<!-- Dropdown arrow -->
<svg
class="absolute right-2 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 w-4 h-4 pointer-events-none
text-[var(--color-text-muted)] dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]"
fill="none"
stroke="currentColor"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
>
<path
stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round"
stroke-width="2"
d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7"></path>
</svg>
</div>
<script>
function initVersionSelectors() {
const selects = document.querySelectorAll(
"[data-version-select]"
) as NodeListOf<HTMLSelectElement>;
selects.forEach((select) => {
// Avoid adding duplicate listeners
if (select.dataset.initialized) return;
select.dataset.initialized = "true";
select.addEventListener("change", (e) => {
const target = e.target as HTMLSelectElement;
const version = target.value;
window.location.href = `/spec/${version}`;
});
});
}
// Initialize on load
initVersionSelectors();
// Re-initialize on Astro page transitions
document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap", initVersionSelectors);
</script>
<style>
select option {
background-color: var(--color-bg-primary);
color: var(--color-text-primary);
}
:global(.dark) select option {
background-color: var(--color-dark-bg-primary);
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
}
</style>

31
src/config.ts Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
export const config = {
title: "Git Common Flow",
description:
"An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage " +
"patterns of git into a single and concise specification.",
author: "Jim Myhrberg",
hostname: "commonflow.org",
url: "https://commonflow.org",
repoUrl: "https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow",
currentVersion: "1.0.0-rc.5",
versions: [
"1.0.0-rc.5",
"1.0.0-rc.4",
"1.0.0-rc.3",
"1.0.0-rc.2",
"1.0.0-rc.1",
],
// Used by update script
update: {
urlTemplate:
"https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/raw/{{version}}/{{file}}",
files: {
document: "common-flow.md",
diagram: "common-flow.svg",
},
},
} as const;
export type Config = typeof config;

12
src/content.config.ts Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
import { defineCollection, z } from "astro:content";
import { glob } from "astro/loaders";
const spec = defineCollection({
loader: glob({ pattern: "**/*.md", base: "./src/content/spec" }),
schema: z.object({
title: z.string(),
version: z.string(),
}),
});
export const collections = { spec };

View File

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ version: 1.0.0-rc.1
Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.1
==============================
<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.1.svg" width="100%" />
<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.1.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.1 diagram" width="100%" />
Summary
-------
@@ -181,4 +181,3 @@ License
-------
[Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
---
title: Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.2
version: 1.0.0-rc.2
---
Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.2
==============================
<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.2.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.2 diagram" width="100%" />
Summary
-------
Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the [original variant](http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html)
of [GitHub Flow](https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/), while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.
TL;DR: Common-Flow is basically GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, maintenance releases for old versions, and without the requirement to
deploy to production all the time.
Terminology
-----------
- **Master Branch** - Must always have passing tests, is considered bleeding
edge, and must be named `master`.
- **Change Branches** - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.
- **Source Branch** - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.
- **Merge Target** - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.
- **Pull Request** - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.
- **Release** - Consists of a version bump commit, and a git tag named according
to the new version string placed on said commit.
- **Release Branches** - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.
Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)
-------------------------------------------
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119).
1. The Master Branch
1. A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".
2. The master branch MUST be considered bleeding edge.
3. The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.
4. The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.
2. Change Branches
1. Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches". All change
branches MUST have descriptive names. It is RECOMMENDED that you commit
often locally, and you SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named
branch on the remote server.
2. You MUST create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You MUST NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.
3. When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.
4. Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.
5. After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you to do a
force push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.
3. Pull Requests
1. To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your changes.
2. A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.
3. To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, the RECOMMENDED way to do so is by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.
4. Versioning
1. The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.
2. If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.
3. The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<http://semver.org/>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.
5. Releases
1. To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit which
changes the hard-coded version string of the project. The version bump
commit MUST have a git tag created on it and named as the exact version
string.
2. If you are not using a release branch, then the version bump commit MUST
be created directly on the master branch.
3. The version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"
4. The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". You
MUST not use a mix of "v" prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form
and stick to it.
5. It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.
6. If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.
6. Release Branches
1. Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".
2. Use of release branches is OPTIONAL.
3. Changes in a release branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
downwards from the master branch. If a change needs to trickle back up
into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place. One exception to this is version bump commits.
4. There are two types of release branches; short-term, and long-term.
5. Short-Term Release Branches
1. Used for creating a specific versioned release.
2. A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.
3. MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For example for version
"2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be "release-2.11.4".
4. When using a short-term release branch, the version bump commit and
release tag MUST be made directly on the release branch itself.
5. Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master
branch, and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it
on top of the master branch the same way a change branch pulls in
updates from its source branch.
6. After the version bump commit and release tag have been created, the
release branch MUST be merged back into its source branch and then
deleted. Typically the source branch will be the master branch.
6. Long-Term Release Branches
1. Used for work on versions which are not currently part of the master
branch. Typically this is useful when you need to create a new
maintenance release for a older version.
2. The branch name MUST have a non-specific version number. For example
a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x releases would be
named "release-2.9".
3. To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST
create a version bump commit and release tag directly on the release
branch.
4. A long-term release branch MUST be created from the relevant release
tag. For example if the master branch is on version 2.11.4 and there
is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of which is
"2.9.7". Create a new branch called "release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7"
release tag. The security fix release will then end up being version
"2.9.8".
7. Bug Fixes & Rollback
1. You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch.
2. If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.
3. If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.
8. Git Best Practices
1. All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project>
2. You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" to add individual changes to the staging
area so you are fully aware of what you are committing.
3. You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/>
4. You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing>
5. It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".
6. It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.
About
-----
The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by [Jim Myhrberg](http://jimeh.me).
If you'd like to leave feedback,
please [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues).
License
-------
[Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
---
title: Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.3
version: 1.0.0-rc.3
---
Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.3
===========================
<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.3.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.3 diagram" width="100%" />
Summary
-------
Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the [original variant](http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html)
of [GitHub Flow](https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/), while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.
In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.
Terminology
-----------
- **Master Branch** - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.
- **Change Branches** - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.
- **Source Branch** - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.
- **Merge Target** - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.
- **Pull Request** - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.
- **Release** - May be considered safe to use in production
environments. Consists of a version bump commit, and a git tag named according
to the new version string placed on said commit.
- **Release Branches** - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.
Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)
-------------------------------------------
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119).
1. TL;DR
1. Don't break the master branch.
2. A release is a git tag.
2. The Master Branch
1. A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".
2. The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.
4. The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.
5. The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.
3. Change Branches
1. Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches". All change
branches MUST have descriptive names. It is RECOMMENDED that you commit
often locally, and you SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named
branch on the remote server.
2. You MUST create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You MUST NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.
3. When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.
4. Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.
5. After rebasing a change branch on top of its source branch you MUST push
the change branch to the remote server. This will require you to do a
force push, and you SHOULD use the "--force-with-lease" git push option.
4. Pull Requests
1. To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent) so others can review and approve your changes.
2. A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.
3. To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, the RECOMMENDED way to do so is by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.
5. Versioning
1. The project MUST have its version hard-coded somewhere in the
code-base. It is RECOMMENDED that this is done in a file called "VERSION"
located in the root of the project.
2. If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this MUST
only contain the exact version string.
3. The version string SHOULD follow the Semantic Versioning
(<http://semver.org/>) format. Use of Semantic Versioning is OPTIONAL,
but the version string MUST NOT have a "v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4"
is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.
6. Releases
1. To create a new release, you MUST create a "version bump" commit which
changes the hard-coded version string of the project. The version bump
commit MUST have a git tag created on it and named as the exact version
string.
2. If you are not using a release branch, then the version bump commit MUST
be created directly on the master branch.
3. The version bump commit MUST have a commit message title of "Bump version
to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4", the
first line of the commit message MUST read: "Bump version to 2.11.4"
4. The release tag on the version bump commit MUST be named exactly the same
as the version string. The tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with
"v". For example the tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". You
MUST not use a mix of "v" prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form
and stick to it.
5. It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.
6. If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation MUST
read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first line
of the tag annotation would read "Release 2.11.4". The second line must
be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.
7. Release Branches
1. Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".
2. Use of release branches is OPTIONAL.
3. Changes in a release branch SHOULD typically come from work being
done against the master branch. Meaning changes SHOULD only trickle
downwards from the master branch. If a change needs to trickle back up
into the master branch, that work should have happened against the master
branch in the first place. One exception to this is version bump commits.
4. There are two types of release branches; short-term, and long-term.
5. Short-Term Release Branches
1. Used for creating a specific versioned release.
2. A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.
3. MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For example for version
"2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be "release-2.11.4".
4. When using a short-term release branch, the version bump commit and
release tag MUST be made directly on the release branch itself.
5. Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master
branch, and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it
on top of the master branch the same way a change branch pulls in
updates from its source branch.
6. After the version bump commit and release tag have been created, the
release branch MUST be merged back into its source branch and then
deleted. Typically the source branch will be the master branch.
6. Long-Term Release Branches
1. Used for work on versions which are not currently part of the master
branch. Typically this is useful when you need to create a new
maintenance release for a older version.
2. The branch name MUST have a non-specific version number. For example
a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x releases would be
named "release-2.9".
3. To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST
create a version bump commit and release tag directly on the release
branch.
4. A long-term release branch MUST be created from the relevant release
tag. For example if the master branch is on version 2.11.4 and there
is a security fix for all 2.9.x releases, the latest of which is
"2.9.7". Create a new branch called "release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7"
release tag. The security fix release will then end up being version
"2.9.8".
8. Bug Fixes & Rollback
1. You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch.
2. If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.
3. If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.
9. Git Best Practices
1. All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines>
2. You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" to add individual changes to the staging
area so you are fully aware of what you are committing.
3. You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/>
4. You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing>
5. It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".
6. It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.
About
-----
The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by [Jim Myhrberg](http://jimeh.me).
If you'd like to leave feedback,
please [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues).
License
-------
[Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
---
title: Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.4
version: 1.0.0-rc.4
---
Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.4
===========================
<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.4.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.4 diagram" width="100%" />
Summary
-------
Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the [original variant](http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html)
of [GitHub Flow](https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/), while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects use git.
In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.
Terminology
-----------
- **Master Branch** - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.
- **Change Branches** - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.
- **Source Branch** - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.
- **Merge Target** - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.
- **Pull Request** - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.
- **Release** - May be considered safe to use in production environments. Is
effectively just a git tag named after the version of the release.
- **Release Branches** - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.
Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)
-------------------------------------------
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119).
1. TL;DR
1. Don't break the master branch.
2. A release is a git tag.
2. The Master Branch
1. A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".
2. The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.
4. The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.
5. The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.
3. Change Branches
1. Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches".
2. All change branches MUST have descriptive names.
3. It is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and that you try and
keep the commits reasonably structured to avoid a messy and confusing git
history.
4. You SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named branch on the
remote server.
5. You SHOULD create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You SHOULD NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.
6. When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.
7. Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.
8. After updating a change branch from its source branch you MUST push the
change branch to the remote server. Due to the nature of rebasing, you
will be required to do a force push, and you MUST use the
"--force-with-lease" git push option when doing so instead of the regular
"--force".
9. If there is a truly valid technical reason to not use rebase when
updating change branches, then you can update change branches via merge
instead of rebase. The decision to use merge MUST only be taken after all
possible options to use rebase have been tried and failed. People not
understanding how to use rebase is NOT a valid reason to use merge. If
you do decide to use merge instead of rebase, you MUST NOT use a mixture
of both methods, pick one and stick to it.
4. Pull Requests
1. To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent).
2. The purpose of a pull request is to allow others to review your changes
and give feedback. You can then fix any issues, complaints, and more that
might arise, and then let people review again.
3. Before creating a pull request, it is RECOMMENDED that you consider the
state of your change branch's commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with "git rebase
-i" to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
reviewers.
4. A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.
5. To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, the RECOMMENDED way to do so is by creating a pull request and
discuss the changes with others there.
5. Versioning
1. A "version string" is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
specific version of a project. The version string itself MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a "v" prefix to
indicate it is a version that is being referred to.
2. The source of truth for a project's version MUST be a git tag with a name
based on the version string. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".
3. It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED to also keep the version string
hard-coded somewhere in the project code-base.
4. If you hard-code the version string into the code-base, it is RECOMMENDED
that you do so in a file called "VERSION" located in the root of the
project. But be mindful of the conventions of your programming language
and community when choosing if, where and how to hard-code the version
string.
5. If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this file
MUST only contain the exact version string, meaning it MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.
6. It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED that that the version string follows
Semantic Versioning (<http://semver.org/>).
6. Releases
1. To create a new release, you MUST create a git tag named as the exact
version string of the release. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".
2. The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with "v". For example the
tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a "v" prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of "v"
prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form and stick to it.
3. If the version string is hard-coded into the code-base, you MUST create a
"version bump" commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
project.
4. When using version bump commits, the release tag MUST be placed on the
version bump commit.
5. If you are not using a release branch, then the release tag, and if
relevant the version bump commit, MUST be created directly on the master
branch.
6. The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of "Bump
version to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4",
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: "Bump version to
2.11.4"
7. It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.
8. If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation
SHOULD read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read "Release 2.11.4". The second line
MUST be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.
7. Short-Term Release Branches
1. Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".
2. Any release branch which has a name ending with a specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "short-term release branch".
3. Use of short-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended to be used
to create a specific versioned release.
4. A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.
5. Short-term release branches MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For
example for version "2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be
"release-2.11.4".
6. When using a short-term release branch to create a release, the release
tag and if used, version bump commit, MUST be placed directly on the
short-term release branch itself.
7. Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master branch,
and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it on top of the
master branch the same way a change branch pulls in updates from its
source branch.
8. After a release tag has been created, the release branch MUST be merged
back into its source branch and then deleted. Typically the source branch
will be the master branch.
8. Long-term Release Branches
1. Any release branch which has a name ending with a non-specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "long-term release branch". For example
"release-2.11" is a long-term release branch, while "release-2.11.4" is a
short-term release branch.
2. Use of long-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended for work on
versions which are not currently part of the master branch. Typically
this is useful when you need to create a new maintenance release for a
older version.
3. A long-term release branch MUST have a name with a non-specific version
number. For example a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x
releases MUST be named "release-2.9".
4. Long-term release branches for maintenance releases of older versions
MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For example if the master
branch is on version 2.11.4 and there is a security fix for all 2.9.x
releases, the latest of which is "2.9.7". Create a new branch called
"release-2.9" off of the "2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release
will then end up being version "2.9.8".
5. To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST follow
the same process as a release from the master branch, except the
long-term release branch takes the place of the master branch.
7. A long-term release branch should be treated with the same respect as the
master branch. It is effectively the master branch for the release series
in question. Meaning it MUST always be in a non-broken state, MUST NOT be
force pushed to, etc.
9. Bug Fixes & Rollback
1. You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch or
to long-term release branches.
2. If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.
3. If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.
10. Git Best Practices
1. All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines>
2. You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" or "git add -p" to add individual
changes to the staging area so you are fully aware of what you are
committing.
3. You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/>
4. You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing>
5. It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".
6. It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.
FAQ
---
### Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?
Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn't
really change much:
- You create change branches instead of feature branches, without the need of a
"feature/" or "change/" prefix in the branch name.
- Change branches are typically created off of and merged back into "master"
instead of "develop".
- Creating a release is done by simply creating a git tag, typically on the
master branch.
In detail, the main differences between Git Flow and Common-Flow are:
- There is no "develop" branch, there is only a "master" branch which contains
the latest work. In Git Flow the master branch effectively ends up just being
a pointer to the latest release, despite the fact that Git Flow includes
release tags too. In Common-Flow you just look at the tags to find the latest
release.
- There are no "feature" or "hotfix" branches, there's only "change"
branches. Any branch that is not master and introduces changes is a change
branch. Change branches also don't have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a "descriptive name". This makes things simpler and allows
more flexibility.
- Release branches are available, but optional. Instead of enforcing the use of
release branches like Git Flow, Common-Flow only recommends the use of release
branches when it makes things easier. If creating a new release by tagging
"master" works for you, great, do that.
### Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?
Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a "Release" concept
that uses tags. It also attempts to define how certain common tasks are done,
like updating change/feature branches from their source branches for
example. This is to help end arguments about how such things are done.
If a deployment/release for you is just getting the latest code in the master
branch out, without caring about bumping version numbers or anything, then
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don't need the extras of
Common-Flow.
However if your deployments/releases have specific version numbers, then
Common-Flow gives you a simple set of rules of how to create and manage
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.
### What does "descriptive name" mean for change branches?
It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch's purpose
is and what it does. Here's a few examples:
- add-2fa-support
- fix-login-issue
- remove-sort-by-middle-name-functionality
- update-font-awesome
- change-search-behavior
- tweak-footer-style
Notice how none of these have any prefixes like "feature/" or "hotfix/", they're
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there's nothing
to say you can't use such prefixes if you want. That also means that you can add
ticket number prefixes if your team/org has that as part of it's process.
### How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?
This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
following:
- Review why the master branch is broken and revert the changes that caused the
issues. Then apply the hotfix and release.
- Or use a short-term release branch created from the latest release tag instead
of the master branch. Apply the hotfix to the release branch, create a release
tag on the release branch, and then merge it back into master.
In this situation, it is recommended you try to revert the offending changes
that's preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you're short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let's you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.
About
-----
The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by [Jim Myhrberg](http://jimeh.me).
If you'd like to leave feedback,
please [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues).
License
-------
[Creative Commons - CC BY 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
---
title: Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5
version: 1.0.0-rc.5
---
Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5
===========================
<img src="/spec/1.0.0-rc.5.svg" alt="Git Common-Flow 1.0.0-rc.5 diagram" width="100%" />
Introduction
------------
Common-Flow is an attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common
usage patterns of git into a single and concise specification. It is based on
the [original variant](http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/github-flow.html)
of [GitHub Flow](https://guides.github.com/introduction/flow/), while taking
into account how a lot of open source projects most commonly use git.
In short, Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of versioned
releases, optional release branches, and without the requirement to deploy to
production all the time.
Summary
-------
- The "master" branch is the mainline branch with latest changes, and must not
be broken.
- Changes (features, bugfixes, etc.) are done on "change branches" created from
the master branch.
- Rebase change branches [early and often](https://i.imgur.com/1RS8x2d.png).
- When a change branch is stable and ready, it is merged back in to master.
- A release is just a git tag who's name is the exact release version string
(e.g. "2.11.4").
- Release branches can be used to avoid change freezes on master. They are not
required, instead they are available if you need them.
Terminology
-----------
- **Master Branch** - Must be named "master", must always have passing tests,
and is not guaranteed to always work in production environments.
- **Change Branches** - Any branch that introduces changes like a new feature, a
bug fix, etc.
- **Source Branch** - The branch that a change branch was created from. New
changes in the source branch should be incorporated into the change branch via
rebasing.
- **Merge Target** - A branch that is the intended merge target for a change
branch. Typically the merge target branch will be the same as the source
branch.
- **Pull Request** - A means of requesting that a change branch is merged in to
its merge target, allowing others to review, discuss and approve the changes.
- **Release** - May be considered safe to use in production environments. Is
effectively just a git tag named after the version of the release.
- **Release Branches** - Used both for short-term preparations of a release, and
also for long-term maintenance of older version.
Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)
-------------------------------------------
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119).
1. TL;DR
1. Do not break the master branch.
2. A release is a git tag.
2. The Master Branch
1. A branch named "master" MUST exist and it MUST be referred to as the
"master branch".
2. The master branch MUST always be in a non-broken state with its test
suite passing.
4. The master branch IS NOT guaranteed to always work in production
environments. Despite test suites passing it may at times contain
unfinished work. Only releases may be considered safe for production use.
5. The master branch SHOULD always be in a "as near as possibly ready for
release/production" state to reduce any friction with creating a new
release.
3. Change Branches
1. Each change (feature, bugfix, etc.) MUST be performed on separate
branches that SHOULD be referred to as "change branches".
2. All change branches MUST have descriptive names.
3. It is RECOMMENDED that you commit often locally, and that you try and
keep the commits reasonably structured to avoid a messy and confusing git
history.
4. You SHOULD regularly push your work to the same named branch on the
remote server.
5. You SHOULD create separate change branches for each distinctly different
change. You SHOULD NOT include multiple unrelated changes into a single
change branch.
6. When a change branch is created, the branch that it is created from
SHOULD be referred to as the "source branch". Each change branch also
needs a designated "merge target" branch, typically this will be the same
as the source branch.
7. Change branches MUST be regularly updated with any changes from their
source branch. This MUST be done by rebasing the change branch on top of
the source branch.
8. After updating a change branch from its source branch you MUST push the
change branch to the remote server. Due to the nature of rebasing, you
will be required to do a force push, and you MUST use the
"--force-with-lease" git push option when doing so instead of the regular
"--force".
9. If there is a truly valid technical reason to not use rebase when
updating change branches, then you can update change branches via merge
instead of rebase. The decision to use merge MUST only be taken after all
possible options to use rebase have been tried and failed. People not
understanding how to use rebase is NOT a valid reason to use merge. If
you do decide to use merge instead of rebase, you MUST NOT use a mixture
of both methods, pick one and stick to it.
4. Pull Requests
1. To merge a change branch into its merge target, you MUST open a "pull
request" (or equivalent).
2. The purpose of a pull request is to allow others to review your changes
and give feedback. You can then fix any issues, complaints, and more that
might arise, and then let people review again.
3. Before creating a pull request, it is RECOMMENDED that you consider the
state of your change branch's commit history. If it is messy and
confusing, it might be a good idea to rebase your branch with "git rebase
-i" to present a cleaner and easier to follow commit history for your
reviewers.
4. A pull request MUST only be merged when the change branch is up-to-date
with its source branch, the test suite is passing, and you and others are
happy with the change. This is especially important if the merge target
is the master branch.
5. To get feedback, help, or generally just discuss a change branch with
others, it is RECOMMENDED you create a pull request and discuss the
changes with others there. This leaves a clear and visible history of
how, when, and why the code looks and behaves the way it does.
5. Versioning
1. A "version string" is a typically mostly numeric string that identifies a
specific version of a project. The version string itself MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix, but the version string can be displayed with a "v" prefix to
indicate it is a version that is being referred to.
2. The source of truth for a project's version MUST be a git tag with a name
based on the version string. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".
3. It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED to also keep the version string
hard-coded somewhere in the project code-base.
4. If you hard-code the version string into the code-base, it is RECOMMENDED
that you do so in a file called "VERSION" located in the root of the
project. But be mindful of the conventions of your programming language
and community when choosing if, where and how to hard-code the version
string.
5. If you are using a "VERSION" file in the root of the project, this file
MUST only contain the exact version string, meaning it MUST NOT have a
"v" prefix. For example "v2.11.4" is bad, and "2.11.4" is good.
6. It is OPTIONAL, but RECOMMENDED that that the version string follows
Semantic Versioning (<http://semver.org/>).
6. Releases
1. To create a new release, you MUST create a git tag named as the exact
version string of the release. This kind of tag MUST be referred to as a
"release tag".
2. The release tag name can OPTIONALLY be prefixed with "v". For example the
tag name can be either "2.11.4" or "v2.11.4". It is however RECOMMENDED
that you do not use a "v" prefix. You MUST NOT use a mixture of "v"
prefixed and non-prefixed tags. Pick one form and stick to it.
3. If the version string is hard-coded into the code-base, you MUST create a
"version bump" commit which changes the hard-coded version string of the
project.
4. When using version bump commits, the release tag MUST be placed on the
version bump commit.
5. If you are not using a release branch, then the release tag, and if
relevant the version bump commit, MUST be created directly on the master
branch.
6. The version bump commit SHOULD have a commit message title of "Bump
version to VERSION". For example, if the new version string is "2.11.4",
the first line of the commit message SHOULD read: "Bump version to
2.11.4"
7. It is RECOMMENDED that release tags are lightweight tags, but you can
OPTIONALLY use annotated tags if you want to include changelog
information in the release tag itself.
8. If you use annotated release tags, the first line of the annotation
SHOULD read "Release VERSION". For example for version "2.11.4" the first
line of the tag annotation SHOULD read "Release 2.11.4". The second line
MUST be blank, and the changelog MUST start on the third line.
7. Short-Term Release Branches
1. Any branch that has a name starting with "release-" SHOULD be referred to
as a "release branch".
2. Any release branch which has a name ending with a specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "short-term release branch".
3. Use of short-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended to be used
to create a specific versioned release.
4. A short-term release branch is RECOMMENDED if there is a lengthy
pre-release verification process to avoid a code freeze on the master
branch.
5. Short-term release branches MUST have a name of "release-VERSION". For
example for version "2.11.4" the release branch name MUST be
"release-2.11.4".
6. When using a short-term release branch to create a release, the release
tag and if used, version bump commit, MUST be placed directly on the
short-term release branch itself.
7. Only very minor changes should be performed on a short-term release
branch directly. Any larger changes SHOULD be done in the master branch,
and SHOULD be pulled into the release branch by rebasing it on top of the
master branch the same way a change branch pulls in updates from its
source branch.
8. After a release tag has been created, the release branch MUST be merged
back into its source branch and then deleted. Typically the source branch
will be the master branch.
8. Long-term Release Branches
1. Any release branch which has a name ending with a non-specific version
string, MUST be referred to as a "long-term release branch". For example
"release-2.11" is a long-term release branch, while "release-2.11.4" is a
short-term release branch.
2. Use of long-term release branches are OPTIONAL, and intended for work on
versions which are not currently part of the master branch. Typically
this is useful when you need to create a new maintenance release for a
older version.
3. A long-term release branch MUST have a name with a non-specific version
number. For example a long-term release branch for creating new 2.9.x
releases MUST be named "release-2.9".
4. Long-term release branches for maintenance releases of older versions
MUST be created from the relevant release tag. For example if the master
branch is on version 2.11.4 and there is a security fix for all 2.9.x
releases, the latest of which is "2.9.7". Create a new branch called
"release-2.9" from the "2.9.7" release tag. The security fix release will
then end up being version "2.9.8".
5. To create a new release from a long-term release branch, you MUST follow
the same process as a release from the master branch, except the
long-term release branch takes the place of the master branch.
7. A long-term release branch should be treated with the same respect as the
master branch. It is effectively the master branch for the release series
in question. Meaning it MUST always be in a non-broken state, MUST NOT be
force pushed to, etc.
9. Bug Fixes & Rollback
1. You MUST NOT under any circumstances force push to the master branch or
to long-term release branches.
2. If a change branch which has been merged into the master branch is found
to have a bug in it, the bug fix work MUST be done as a new separate
change branch and MUST follow the same workflow as any other change
branch.
3. If a change branch is wrongfully merged into master, or for any other
reason the merge must be undone, you MUST undo the merge by reverting the
merge commit itself. Effectively creating a new commit that reverses all
the relevant changes.
10. Git Best Practices
1. All commit messages SHOULD follow the Commit Guidelines and format from
the official git
documentation:
<https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#_commit_guidelines>
2. You SHOULD never blindly commit all changes with "git commit -a". It is
RECOMMENDED you use "git add -i" or "git add -p" to add individual
changes to the staging area so you are fully aware of what you are
committing.
3. You SHOULD always use "--force-with-lease" when doing a force push. The
regular "--force" option is dangerous and destructive. More
information:
<https://developer.atlassian.com/blog/2015/04/force-with-lease/>
4. You SHOULD understand and be comfortable with
rebasing: <https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing>
5. It is RECOMMENDED that you always do "git pull --rebase" instead of "git
pull" to avoid unnecessary merge commits. You can make this the default
behavior of "git pull" with "git config --global pull.rebase true".
6. It is RECOMMENDED that all branches be merged using "git merge --no-ff".
This makes sure the reference to the original branch is kept in the
commits, allows one to revert a merge by reverting a single merge commit,
and creates a merge commit to mark the integration of the branch with
master.
FAQ
---
### Why use Common-Flow instead of Git Flow, and how does it differ?
Common-Flow tries to be a lot less complicated than Git Flow by having fewer
types of branches, and simpler rules. Normal day to day development doesn't
really change much:
- You create change branches instead of feature branches, without the need of a
"feature/" or "change/" prefix in the branch name.
- Change branches are typically created from and merged back into "master"
instead of "develop".
- Creating a release is done by simply creating a git tag, typically on the
master branch.
In detail, the main differences between Git Flow and Common-Flow are:
- There is no "develop" branch, there is only a "master" branch which contains
the latest work. In Git Flow the master branch effectively ends up just being
a pointer to the latest release, despite the fact that Git Flow includes
release tags too. In Common-Flow you just look at the tags to find the latest
release.
- There are no "feature" or "hotfix" branches, there's only "change"
branches. Any branch that is not master and introduces changes is a change
branch. Change branches also don't have a enforced naming convention, they
just have to have a "descriptive name". This makes things simpler and allows
more flexibility.
- Release branches are available, but optional. Instead of enforcing the use of
release branches like Git Flow, Common-Flow only recommends the use of release
branches when it makes things easier. If creating a new release by tagging
"master" works for you, great, do that.
### Why use Common-Flow instead of GitHub Flow, and how does it differ?
Common-Flow is essentially GitHub Flow with the addition of a "Release" concept
that uses tags. It also attempts to define how certain common tasks are done,
like updating change/feature branches from their source branches for
example. This is to help end arguments about how such things are done.
If a deployment/release for you is just getting the latest code in the master
branch out, without caring about bumping version numbers or anything, then
GitHub Flow is a good fit for you, and you probably don't need the extras of
Common-Flow.
However if your deployments/releases have specific version numbers, then
Common-Flow gives you a simple set of rules of how to create and manage
releases, on top of what GitHub Flow already does.
### What does "descriptive name" mean for change branches?
It means what it sounds like. The name should be descriptive, as in by just
reading the name of the branch you should understand what the branch's purpose
is and what it does. Here's a few examples:
- add-2fa-support
- fix-login-issue
- remove-sort-by-middle-name-functionality
- update-font-awesome
- change-search-behavior
- improve-pagination-performance
- tweak-footer-style
Notice how none of these have any prefixes like "feature/" or "hotfix/", they're
not needed when branch names are properly descriptive. However there's nothing
to say you can't use such prefixes if you want.
You can also add ticket numbers to the branch name if your team/org has that as
part of it's process. But it is recommended that ticket numbers are added to the
end of the branch name. The ticket number is essentially metadata, so put it at
the end and out of the way of humans trying to read the descriptive name from
left to right.
### How do we release an emergency hotfix when the master branch is broken?
This should ideally never happen, however if it does you can do one of the
following:
- Review why the master branch is broken and revert the changes that caused the
issues. Then apply the hotfix and release.
- Or use a short-term release branch created from the latest release tag instead
of the master branch. Apply the hotfix to the release branch, create a release
tag on the release branch, and then merge it back into master.
In this situation, it is recommended you try to revert the offending changes
that's preventing a new release from master. But if that proves to be a
complicated task and you're short on time, a short-term release branch gives you
a instant fix to the situation at hand, and let's you resolve the issues with
the master branch when you have more time on your hands.
About
-----
The Git Common-Flow specification is authored
by [Jim Myhrberg](https://jimeh.me/).
If you'd like to leave feedback,
please [open an issue on GitHub](https://github.com/jimeh/common-flow/issues).
License
-------
[Creative Commons - CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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---
import "../styles/global.css";
import { config } from "../config";
interface Props {
title: string;
description?: string;
}
const { title, description = config.description } = Astro.props;
const fullTitle = title === config.title ? title : `${title} | ${config.title}`;
---
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="canonical" href={Astro.url} />
<title>{fullTitle}</title>
<meta name="description" content={description} />
<meta name="author" content={config.author} />
<!-- Fonts -->
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bricolage+Grotesque:opsz,wght@12..96,400;12..96,500;12..96,600;12..96,700;12..96,800&family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;1,9..40,400&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap"
rel="stylesheet"
/>
<!-- Prevent flash of wrong theme -->
<script is:inline>
(function () {
const theme = localStorage.getItem("theme");
if (
theme === "dark" ||
(!theme &&
window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches)
) {
document.documentElement.classList.add("dark");
}
})();
</script>
</head>
<body class="min-h-screen flex flex-col items-center justify-center p-8">
<slot />
</body>
</html>

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---
import "../styles/global.css";
interface Props {
title: string;
description?: string;
version: string;
}
const { title, description, version } = Astro.props;
const defaultDescription =
"An attempt to gather a sensible selection of the most common usage " +
"patterns of git into a single and concise specification.";
---
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="description" content={description || defaultDescription} />
<meta name="author" content="Jim Myhrberg" />
<!-- Open Graph -->
<meta property="og:title" content={title} />
<meta
property="og:description"
content={description || defaultDescription}
/>
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content={`https://commonflow.org/${version}`} />
<!-- Twitter -->
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content={title} />
<meta
name="twitter:description"
content={description || defaultDescription}
/>
<title>{title}</title>
<!-- Fonts - distinctive choices -->
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bricolage+Grotesque:opsz,wght@12..96,400;12..96,500;12..96,600;12..96,700;12..96,800&family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,400;0,9..40,500;0,9..40,600;1,9..40,400&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap"
rel="stylesheet"
/>
<!-- Favicon -->
<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg" />
<!-- Theme initialization - prevent flash -->
<script is:inline>
(function () {
const theme = localStorage.getItem("theme");
if (
theme === "dark" ||
(!theme && window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches)
) {
document.documentElement.classList.add("dark");
}
})();
</script>
</head>
<body class="min-h-screen">
<slot />
<!-- Re-init theme on Astro page transitions -->
<script>
document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap", () => {
const theme = localStorage.getItem("theme");
if (
theme === "dark" ||
(!theme &&
window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches)
) {
document.documentElement.classList.add("dark");
} else {
document.documentElement.classList.remove("dark");
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

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---
import Default from "../layouts/Default.astro";
---
<Default title="Page Not Found">
<div class="text-center">
<h1
class="text-[8rem] sm:text-[12rem] font-display font-bold leading-none
text-[var(--color-border-strong)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-border-strong)]"
>
404
</h1>
<p
class="text-xl mb-2 text-[var(--color-text-secondary)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-secondary)]"
>
Page not found
</p>
<p class="text-[var(--color-text-muted)] dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]">
The page you're looking for doesn't exist.
</p>
<a
href="/"
class="inline-block mt-8 btn btn-primary"
>
Go to homepage
</a>
</div>
</Default>

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---
import { getCollection } from "astro:content";
import * as fs from "node:fs";
import * as path from "node:path";
import { unified } from "unified";
import remarkParse from "remark-parse";
import remarkRehype from "remark-rehype";
import rehypeStringify from "rehype-stringify";
import SinglePage from "../layouts/SinglePage.astro";
import Header from "../components/Header.astro";
import Hero from "../components/Hero.astro";
import AboutSection from "../components/AboutSection.astro";
import SpecSection from "../components/SpecSection.astro";
import FAQSection from "../components/FAQSection.astro";
import { parseSpecContent } from "../utils/parseSpecContent";
import { config } from "../config";
// Render the current/latest version
const version = config.currentVersion;
const specs = await getCollection("spec");
const spec = specs.find((s) => s.data.version === version);
if (!spec) {
throw new Error(`Spec version ${version} not found`);
}
// Read and process the markdown file
const filePath = path.join(
process.cwd(),
"src/content/spec",
`${version}.md`
);
const content = fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf-8");
// Remove frontmatter
const body = content.replace(/^---[\s\S]*?---\n/, "");
// Process markdown to HTML
const result = await unified()
.use(remarkParse)
.use(remarkRehype, { allowDangerousHtml: true })
.use(rehypeStringify, { allowDangerousHtml: true })
.process(body);
const html = String(result);
// Parse the content into sections
const parsed = parseSpecContent(html, version);
---
<SinglePage title={spec.data.title} version={version}>
<Header version={version} />
<main>
<Hero version={version} svgPath={parsed.svgPath} />
<AboutSection
introduction={parsed.introduction}
summary={parsed.summary}
about={parsed.about}
license={parsed.license}
/>
<SpecSection
terminology={parsed.terminology}
specification={parsed.specification}
tocItems={parsed.tocItems}
/>
<FAQSection items={parsed.faq} />
</main>
<!-- Footer -->
<footer
class="py-8 text-center text-sm
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]
border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]"
>
<div class="section-container">
<p>
Git Common-Flow is authored by
<a
href="https://jimeh.me/"
class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
>
Jim Myhrberg
</a>
</p>
<p class="mt-2">
<a
href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
>
CC BY 4.0
</a>
</p>
</div>
</footer>
</SinglePage>

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@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
---
import { getCollection } from "astro:content";
import * as fs from "node:fs";
import * as path from "node:path";
import { unified } from "unified";
import remarkParse from "remark-parse";
import remarkRehype from "remark-rehype";
import rehypeStringify from "rehype-stringify";
import SinglePage from "../../layouts/SinglePage.astro";
import Header from "../../components/Header.astro";
import Hero from "../../components/Hero.astro";
import AboutSection from "../../components/AboutSection.astro";
import SpecSection from "../../components/SpecSection.astro";
import FAQSection from "../../components/FAQSection.astro";
import { parseSpecContent } from "../../utils/parseSpecContent";
import { config } from "../../config";
export async function getStaticPaths() {
const specs = await getCollection("spec");
return specs.map((spec) => ({
params: { version: spec.data.version },
props: { spec },
}));
}
const { spec } = Astro.props;
const version = spec.data.version;
// Read and process the markdown file
const filePath = path.join(
process.cwd(),
"src/content/spec",
`${version}.md`
);
const content = fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf-8");
// Remove frontmatter
const body = content.replace(/^---[\s\S]*?---\n/, "");
// Process markdown to HTML
const result = await unified()
.use(remarkParse)
.use(remarkRehype, { allowDangerousHtml: true })
.use(rehypeStringify, { allowDangerousHtml: true })
.process(body);
const html = String(result);
// Parse the content into sections
const parsed = parseSpecContent(html, version);
---
<SinglePage title={spec.data.title} version={version}>
<Header version={version} />
<main>
<Hero version={version} svgPath={parsed.svgPath} />
<AboutSection
introduction={parsed.introduction}
summary={parsed.summary}
about={parsed.about}
license={parsed.license}
/>
<SpecSection
terminology={parsed.terminology}
specification={parsed.specification}
tocItems={parsed.tocItems}
/>
<FAQSection items={parsed.faq} />
</main>
<!-- Footer -->
<footer
class="py-8 text-center text-sm
text-[var(--color-text-muted)]
dark:text-[var(--color-dark-text-muted)]
border-t border-[var(--color-border)]
dark:border-[var(--color-dark-border)]"
>
<div class="section-container">
<p>
Git Common-Flow is authored by
<a
href="https://jimeh.me/"
class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
>
Jim Myhrberg
</a>
</p>
<p class="mt-2">
<a
href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
class="hover:text-[var(--color-accent)]"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
>
CC BY 4.0
</a>
</p>
</div>
</footer>
</SinglePage>

546
src/styles/global.css Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
@import "tailwindcss";
@plugin "@tailwindcss/typography";
@theme {
/* Colors - refined palette */
--color-sidebar: #0a0a0a;
--color-sidebar-hover: #1a1a1a;
--color-accent: #1f8dd6;
--color-accent-light: #4da6e8;
--color-accent-muted: rgba(31, 141, 214, 0.15);
--color-text-primary: #0a0a0a;
--color-text-secondary: #525252;
--color-text-muted: #737373;
--color-bg-primary: #fafafa;
--color-bg-secondary: #f5f5f5;
--color-bg-code: #f0f0f0;
--color-bg-code-inline: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
--color-border: #e5e5e5;
--color-border-strong: #d4d4d4;
/* Dark mode colors */
--color-dark-text-primary: #fafafa;
--color-dark-text-secondary: #a3a3a3;
--color-dark-text-muted: #737373;
--color-dark-bg-primary: #0a0a0a;
--color-dark-bg-secondary: #141414;
--color-dark-bg-code: #1a1a1a;
--color-dark-bg-code-inline: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
--color-dark-border: #262626;
--color-dark-border-strong: #404040;
--color-dark-accent-muted: rgba(31, 141, 214, 0.2);
/* Fonts - distinctive choices */
--font-display: "Bricolage Grotesque", system-ui, sans-serif;
--font-sans: "DM Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
--font-mono: "JetBrains Mono", "SF Mono", Consolas, monospace;
/* Sizing */
--header-height: 4rem;
--sidebar-width: 260px;
--content-max-width: 800px;
--section-padding-y: 6rem;
--section-padding-x: 2rem;
/* Transitions */
--transition-fast: 150ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
--transition-base: 250ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
--transition-slow: 400ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
--transition-smooth: 600ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
/* Shadows */
--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
--shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
--shadow-lg: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
--shadow-glow: 0 0 40px rgba(31, 141, 214, 0.15);
}
/* Smooth scroll */
html {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
/* Scroll margin for anchor links */
[id] {
scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 2rem);
}
/* Base styles */
@layer base {
html {
height: 100%;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
body {
font-family: var(--font-sans);
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: 400;
line-height: 1.7;
color: var(--color-text-primary);
background-color: var(--color-bg-primary);
overflow-x: hidden;
}
.dark body {
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
background-color: var(--color-dark-bg-primary);
}
/* Typography */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
font-family: var(--font-display);
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--color-text-primary);
line-height: 1.2;
letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.dark h1,
.dark h2,
.dark h3,
.dark h4,
.dark h5,
.dark h6 {
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
}
h1 {
font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 4.5rem);
font-weight: 800;
letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
h2 {
font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
margin-top: 3rem;
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
h3 {
font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
margin-top: 2rem;
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
p {
margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
/* Links */
a {
color: var(--color-accent);
text-decoration: none;
transition: color var(--transition-fast);
word-break: break-word;
}
a:hover {
color: var(--color-accent-light);
}
/* Code */
code {
font-family: var(--font-mono);
font-size: 0.875em;
background-color: var(--color-bg-code-inline);
border-radius: 4px;
padding: 0.2em 0.4em;
}
.dark code {
background-color: var(--color-dark-bg-code-inline);
}
pre {
font-family: var(--font-mono);
background-color: var(--color-bg-code);
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 1.25rem;
overflow-x: auto;
line-height: 1.6;
}
.dark pre {
background-color: var(--color-dark-bg-code);
}
pre > code {
background-color: transparent !important;
padding: 0;
font-size: 0.875rem;
}
/* Lists */
ul, ol {
margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
padding-left: 1.5rem;
}
ul {
list-style-type: disc;
}
ol {
list-style-type: decimal;
}
li {
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
ol ol, ul ol {
list-style-type: decimal;
}
ul ul ol, ul ol ol, ol ul ol, ol ol ol {
list-style-type: decimal;
}
/* Blockquotes */
blockquote {
border-left: 3px solid var(--color-accent);
padding-left: 1.5rem;
margin: 1.5rem 0;
color: var(--color-text-secondary);
font-style: italic;
}
.dark blockquote {
color: var(--color-dark-text-secondary);
}
/* Strong text */
strong {
font-weight: 600;
}
/* Selection */
::selection {
background-color: var(--color-accent-muted);
color: var(--color-text-primary);
}
.dark ::selection {
background-color: var(--color-dark-accent-muted);
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
}
/* Focus styles */
:focus-visible {
outline: 2px solid var(--color-accent);
outline-offset: 2px;
}
}
/* Keyframe animations - defined outside layers for proper cascade */
@keyframes fade-in {
from { opacity: 0; }
to { opacity: 1; }
}
@keyframes fade-in-up {
from {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(20px);
}
to {
opacity: 1;
transform: translateY(0);
}
}
@keyframes fade-in-down {
from {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(-10px);
}
to {
opacity: 1;
transform: translateY(0);
}
}
@keyframes slide-in-left {
from {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateX(-20px);
}
to {
opacity: 1;
transform: translateX(0);
}
}
@keyframes bounce-subtle {
0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
50% { transform: translateY(-8px); }
}
/* Animation utility classes */
.animate-fade-in {
opacity: 0;
animation: fade-in 400ms ease-out forwards;
}
.animate-fade-in-up {
opacity: 0;
animation: fade-in-up 600ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) forwards;
}
.animate-fade-in-down {
opacity: 0;
animation: fade-in-down 250ms ease-out forwards;
}
.animate-slide-in-left {
opacity: 0;
animation: slide-in-left 600ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) forwards;
}
.animate-bounce-subtle {
animation: bounce-subtle 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}
/* Animation delays */
.delay-100 { animation-delay: 100ms; }
.delay-200 { animation-delay: 200ms; }
.delay-300 { animation-delay: 300ms; }
.delay-400 { animation-delay: 400ms; }
.delay-500 { animation-delay: 500ms; }
.delay-600 { animation-delay: 600ms; }
.delay-700 { animation-delay: 700ms; }
.delay-800 { animation-delay: 800ms; }
/* Component styles */
@layer components {
/* Glass effect for header */
.glass {
background: rgba(250, 250, 250, 0.85);
backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}
.dark .glass {
background: rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.85);
}
/* Gradient text */
.gradient-text {
background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-text-primary) 0%, var(--color-accent) 100%);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
-webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
background-clip: text;
}
.dark .gradient-text {
background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--color-dark-text-primary) 0%, var(--color-accent-light) 100%);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
-webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
background-clip: text;
}
/* Section container */
.section-container {
max-width: calc(var(--content-max-width) + var(--sidebar-width) + 4rem);
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0 var(--section-padding-x);
}
/* Content prose styling */
.prose-spec {
max-width: var(--content-max-width);
}
.prose-spec h2 {
padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
margin-top: 4rem;
}
.dark .prose-spec h2 {
border-bottom-color: var(--color-dark-border);
}
.prose-spec h3 {
color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}
.dark .prose-spec h3 {
color: var(--color-dark-text-secondary);
}
.prose-spec img {
max-width: 100%;
height: auto;
border-radius: 8px;
margin: 2rem 0;
}
/* Subtle border */
.border-subtle {
border-color: var(--color-border);
}
.dark .border-subtle {
border-color: var(--color-dark-border);
}
/* Button base */
.btn {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
gap: 0.5rem;
padding: 0.625rem 1.25rem;
font-family: var(--font-sans);
font-size: 0.875rem;
font-weight: 500;
border-radius: 8px;
transition: all var(--transition-fast);
cursor: pointer;
}
.btn-primary {
background-color: var(--color-accent);
color: white;
}
.btn-primary:hover {
background-color: var(--color-accent-light);
transform: translateY(-1px);
box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.btn-ghost {
background-color: transparent;
color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}
.btn-ghost:hover {
background-color: var(--color-bg-secondary);
color: var(--color-text-primary);
}
.dark .btn-ghost {
color: var(--color-dark-text-secondary);
}
.dark .btn-ghost:hover {
background-color: var(--color-dark-bg-secondary);
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
}
/* Sidebar link styles */
.sidebar-link {
display: block;
padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
font-size: 0.875rem;
color: var(--color-text-muted);
border-radius: 6px;
transition: all var(--transition-fast);
border-left: 2px solid transparent;
margin-left: -2px;
}
.sidebar-link:hover {
color: var(--color-text-primary);
background-color: var(--color-bg-secondary);
}
.dark .sidebar-link {
color: var(--color-dark-text-muted);
}
.dark .sidebar-link:hover {
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
background-color: var(--color-dark-bg-secondary);
}
.sidebar-link.active {
color: var(--color-accent);
border-left-color: var(--color-accent);
background-color: var(--color-accent-muted);
}
.dark .sidebar-link.active {
color: var(--color-accent-light);
background-color: var(--color-dark-accent-muted);
}
.sidebar-link-sub {
padding-left: 1.5rem;
font-size: 0.8125rem;
}
/* Version badge */
.version-badge {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
font-family: var(--font-mono);
font-size: 0.75rem;
font-weight: 500;
background-color: var(--color-bg-secondary);
border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
border-radius: 9999px;
color: var(--color-text-muted);
}
.dark .version-badge {
background-color: var(--color-dark-bg-secondary);
border-color: var(--color-dark-border);
color: var(--color-dark-text-muted);
}
/* FAQ accordion styles */
.faq-item {
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border);
}
.dark .faq-item {
border-bottom-color: var(--color-dark-border);
}
.faq-question {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
width: 100%;
padding: 1.5rem 0;
text-align: left;
font-family: var(--font-display);
font-size: 1.125rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--color-text-primary);
cursor: pointer;
transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}
.dark .faq-question {
color: var(--color-dark-text-primary);
}
.faq-question:hover {
color: var(--color-accent);
}
.faq-answer {
padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
color: var(--color-text-secondary);
}
.dark .faq-answer {
color: var(--color-dark-text-secondary);
}
}
/* Transitions for interactive elements */
@layer components {
#layout,
#menu,
.menu-link {
transition: all var(--transition-base);
}
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
/**
* Parses rendered spec HTML into structured sections for the single-page
* layout.
*/
export interface TocItem {
id: string;
title: string;
level: number;
}
export interface FAQItem {
id: string;
question: string;
answer: string;
}
export interface SpecSection {
id: string;
title: string;
content: string;
}
export interface ParsedSpec {
svgPath: string;
introduction: string;
summary: string;
terminology: string;
specification: string;
specSections: SpecSection[];
faq: FAQItem[];
about: string;
license: string;
tocItems: TocItem[];
}
/**
* Convert a heading text to a URL-friendly ID
*/
function slugify(text: string): string {
return text
.toLowerCase()
.replace(/[^\w\s-]/g, "")
.replace(/\s+/g, "-")
.trim();
}
/**
* Extract content between two headings or to the end of the document
*/
function extractSection(
html: string,
startHeading: string,
endHeadings: string[] = []
): string {
// Find the heading (h2) - use partial match to handle additional text
// e.g., "Git Common-Flow Specification (Common-Flow)"
const headingPattern = new RegExp(
`<h2[^>]*>[^<]*${escapeRegex(startHeading)}[^<]*</h2>`,
"i"
);
const match = html.match(headingPattern);
if (!match || match.index === undefined) return "";
const startIdx = match.index + match[0].length;
// Find the next section heading
let endIdx = html.length;
for (const endHeading of endHeadings) {
const endPattern = new RegExp(
`<h2[^>]*>\\s*${escapeRegex(endHeading)}\\s*</h2>`,
"i"
);
const endMatch = html.slice(startIdx).match(endPattern);
if (endMatch && endMatch.index !== undefined) {
const possibleEnd = startIdx + endMatch.index;
if (possibleEnd < endIdx) {
endIdx = possibleEnd;
}
}
}
// Also check for any h2 as a fallback
const anyH2 = html.slice(startIdx).match(/<h2[^>]*>/i);
if (anyH2 && anyH2.index !== undefined) {
const possibleEnd = startIdx + anyH2.index;
if (possibleEnd < endIdx) {
endIdx = possibleEnd;
}
}
return html.slice(startIdx, endIdx).trim();
}
function escapeRegex(str: string): string {
return str.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&");
}
/**
* Extract the numbered spec sections (1. TL;DR, 2. The Master Branch, etc.)
*/
function extractSpecSections(specContent: string): SpecSection[] {
const sections: SpecSection[] = [];
// The spec uses an ordered list with nested items
// Each top-level li starts a new section
const olMatch = specContent.match(/<ol[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/ol>/i);
if (!olMatch) return sections;
// Split by top-level list items
// We need to handle nested lists carefully
const sectionTitles = [
"TL;DR",
"The Master Branch",
"Change Branches",
"Pull Requests",
"Versioning",
"Releases",
"Short-Term Release Branches",
"Long-term Release Branches",
"Bug Fixes & Rollback",
"Git Best Practices",
];
// Find each section by looking for the title pattern
for (let i = 0; i < sectionTitles.length; i++) {
const title = sectionTitles[i];
const id = slugify(title);
// For the content, we'll just use the title for navigation
// The actual content stays in the main specification block
sections.push({
id: `spec-${id}`,
title,
content: "", // Content handled inline
});
}
return sections;
}
/**
* Extract FAQ items from the FAQ section HTML
*/
function extractFAQItems(faqContent: string): FAQItem[] {
const items: FAQItem[] = [];
// Split by h3 headings
const h3Pattern = /<h3[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/h3>/gi;
let lastIndex = 0;
let lastQuestion = "";
let lastId = "";
const matches = [...faqContent.matchAll(h3Pattern)];
for (let i = 0; i < matches.length; i++) {
const match = matches[i];
const question = match[1].replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "").trim();
const id = slugify(question).slice(0, 50);
if (i > 0 && match.index !== undefined) {
// Get content between previous h3 and this one
const answer = faqContent.slice(lastIndex, match.index).trim();
items.push({
id: `faq-${lastId}`,
question: lastQuestion,
answer,
});
}
lastQuestion = question;
lastId = id;
lastIndex = match.index! + match[0].length;
}
// Don't forget the last FAQ item
if (lastQuestion) {
const answer = faqContent.slice(lastIndex).trim();
items.push({
id: `faq-${lastId}`,
question: lastQuestion,
answer,
});
}
return items;
}
/**
* Build table of contents from parsed sections
*/
function buildTocItems(parsed: Partial<ParsedSpec>): TocItem[] {
const items: TocItem[] = [];
// Main sections
if (parsed.introduction) {
items.push({ id: "introduction", title: "Introduction", level: 2 });
}
if (parsed.summary) {
items.push({ id: "summary", title: "Summary", level: 2 });
}
if (parsed.terminology) {
items.push({ id: "terminology", title: "Terminology", level: 2 });
}
if (parsed.specification) {
items.push({ id: "specification", title: "Specification", level: 2 });
// Add spec subsections
if (parsed.specSections) {
for (const section of parsed.specSections) {
items.push({ id: section.id, title: section.title, level: 3 });
}
}
}
return items;
}
/**
* Main parsing function - takes rendered HTML and returns structured content
*/
export function parseSpecContent(html: string, version: string): ParsedSpec {
const svgPath = `/spec/${version}.svg`;
// Remove the title (h1) and SVG from the content for parsing
let content = html;
// Remove the h1 title
content = content.replace(/<h1[^>]*>[\s\S]*?<\/h1>/i, "");
// Remove the SVG img tag
content = content.replace(/<img[^>]*\.svg[^>]*>/i, "");
// Extract each section
const introduction = extractSection(content, "Introduction", [
"Summary",
"Terminology",
"Git Common-Flow",
"FAQ",
"About",
"License",
]);
const summary = extractSection(content, "Summary", [
"Terminology",
"Git Common-Flow",
"FAQ",
"About",
"License",
]);
const terminology = extractSection(content, "Terminology", [
"Git Common-Flow",
"FAQ",
"About",
"License",
]);
const specification = extractSection(
content,
"Git Common-Flow Specification",
["FAQ", "About", "License"]
);
const faqContent = extractSection(content, "FAQ", ["About", "License"]);
const about = extractSection(content, "About", ["License"]);
const license = extractSection(content, "License", []);
// Parse subsections
const specSections = extractSpecSections(specification);
const faq = extractFAQItems(faqContent);
const parsed: ParsedSpec = {
svgPath,
introduction,
summary,
terminology,
specification,
specSections,
faq,
about,
license,
tocItems: [],
};
// Build TOC
parsed.tocItems = buildTocItems(parsed);
return parsed;
}

5
tsconfig.json Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
{
"extends": "astro/tsconfigs/strict",
"include": [".astro/types.d.ts", "**/*"],
"exclude": ["dist", "docs"]
}