feat(hammerspoon/app_toggle): enable multi-app toggles

A multi-app toggle is a keybinding which is configured to toggle 2 or
more applications.

This is intended as a context-ish-aware toggle, as it will only toggle
the most recently focused application. This essentially enables you to
bind a category/class of applications to a single hotkey, and whichever
of the apps that's running and was most recently focused is the one that
will be toggled.

hammerspoon/app_toggle.lua

@@ -1,32 +1,14 @@
--- luacheck: read_globals hs
+--- === app_toggle ===
+---
+--- A Hammerspoon module for toggling between specified applications using
+--- hotkeys.
+---
+--- This module allows you to bind a hotkey to switch focus between specific
+--- applications and show/hide them.
 
 local obj = {}
 
-function obj:bind (mods, key, name, path)
-  hs.hotkey.bind(mods, key, self:toggleFn(name, path))
-end
-
-function obj:toggleFn (name, path)
-  return function ()
-    self:toggle(name, path)
-  end
-end
-
-function obj:toggle (name, path)
-  local app = self.findRunningApp(name, path)
-
-  if app == nil then
-    return hs.application.open(path or name)
-  end
-
-  if app == hs.application.frontmostApplication() then
-    return app:hide()
-  end
-
-  return app:activate()
-end
-
-function obj.findRunningApp (name, path)
+local function findRunningApp(name, path)
   for _, app in ipairs(hs.application.runningApplications()) do
     if app:name() == name and (path == nil or path == app:path()) then
       return app
@@ -34,5 +16,127 @@ function obj.findRunningApp (name, path)
   end
 end
 
+local focusTimes = {}
+
+local function focusWatcher(_, eventType, appObject)
+  if eventType == hs.application.watcher.activated then
+    focusTimes[appObject:bundleID()] = hs.timer.secondsSinceEpoch()
+  end
+end
+
+local appWatcher = hs.application.watcher.new(focusWatcher)
+obj.started = false
+
+function obj:start()
+  if obj.started then
+    return
+  end
+
+  appWatcher:start()
+  obj.started = true
+end
+
+function obj:stop()
+  if not obj.started then
+    return
+  end
+
+  appWatcher:stop()
+  obj.started = false
+end
+
+--- app_toggle:bind(mods, key, ...)
+--- Method
+--- Binds a hotkey to toggle between the specified applications.
+---
+--- Parameters:
+---  * mods - A table with the modifiers for the hotkey
+---  * key - A string with the key for the hotkey
+---  * ... - A list of tables, each containing an application name and an
+---          optional path
+function obj:bind(mods, key, ...)
+  local apps = { ... }
+  if #apps > 1 then
+    self:start()
+  end
+
+  hs.hotkey.bind(mods, key, self:toggleFn(apps))
+end
+
+--- app_toggle:toggleFn(apps)
+--- Method
+--- Creates and returns a function that toggles between the specified
+--- applications via app_toggle:toggle() when called.
+---
+--- Parameters:
+---  * apps - A table containing application configurations. Each configuration
+---           is a table with an application name at the first index and an
+---           optional path at the second index.
+---
+--- Returns:
+---  * A function that, when called, toggles between the specified applications.
+---
+--- Example:
+---  local toggleApps = obj:toggleFn({{"Firefox"}, {"Safari"}})
+---  hs.hotkey.bind({"cmd", "ctrl"}, "b", toggleApps)
+---
+--- Notes:
+---  * The returned function can be used as a callback for hotkey bindings or
+---    other event-driven scenarios.
+function obj:toggleFn(apps)
+  return function()
+    self:toggle(apps)
+  end
+end
+
+--- app_toggle:toggle(apps)
+--- Method
+--- Toggles focus/visibility specified applications.
+---
+--- Parameters:
+---  * apps - A table containing application configurations. Each configuration
+---           is a table with an application name at the first index and an
+---           optional path at the second index.
+---
+--- Notes:
+---  * If none of the specified applications are running, the function attempts
+---    to launch the first application in the list.
+---  * If the most recently focused application in the list is the current
+---    frontmost application, it will be hidden. Otherwise, the most recently
+---    focused application will be brought to the front.
+function obj:toggle(apps)
+  local runningApps = {}
+  local mostRecentApp = nil
+  local mostRecentTime = -1
+
+  for _, appInfo in ipairs(apps) do
+    local name, path = appInfo[1], appInfo[2]
+    local app = findRunningApp(name, path)
+    if app then
+      table.insert(runningApps, app)
+      local focusTime = focusTimes[app:bundleID()] or 0
+      if focusTime > mostRecentTime then
+        mostRecentTime = focusTime
+        mostRecentApp = app
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  if #runningApps == 0 then
+    local app = apps[1]
+    local status, err = pcall(hs.application.open, app[2] or app[1])
+    if not status then
+      hs.alert.show('Failed to open ' .. (app[2] or app[1]) .. ': ' .. err)
+    end
+    return
+  end
+
+  if mostRecentApp == hs.application.frontmostApplication() then
+    return mostRecentApp:hide()
+  end
+
+  return mostRecentApp:activate()
+end
+
 -- the end
 return obj

hammerspoon/hosts/noct.lua

@@ -3,20 +3,32 @@ local obj = {}
 function obj.init()
   local apptoggle = require('app_toggle')
 
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'alt', 'ctrl'}, 'A', 'Activity Monitor')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, '2', 'ChatGPT')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, '4', 'Microsoft Edge')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'A', 'Messages')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'B', 'TablePlus')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'C', 'Calendar')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'D', 'Mailplane')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'E', 'Emacs', '/Applications/Emacs.app')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'F', 'Element Nightly')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'S', 'Music')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'T', 'Discord PTB')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'W', 'WhatsApp')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'X', 'Notion')
-  apptoggle:bind({'cmd', 'ctrl'}, 'Z', 'Slack')
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'alt', 'ctrl' }, 'A', { 'Activity Monitor' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, '4', { 'Microsoft Edge' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'A', { 'Messages' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'C', { 'Calendar' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'D', { 'Mailplane' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'F', { 'Element Nightly' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'S', { 'Music' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'T', { 'Discord PTB' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'X', { 'Notion' })
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'Z', { 'Slack' })
+
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, '2',
+    { 'ChatGPT X' },
+    { 'ChatGPT' }
+  )
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'B',
+    { 'TablePlus' },
+    { 'Lens' }
+  )
+
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'E',
+    { 'Emacs', '/Applications/Emacs.app' }
+  )
+  apptoggle:bind({ 'cmd', 'ctrl' }, 'W',
+    { 'Code', '/Applications/Visual Studio Code.app' }
+  )
 end
 
 return obj